Geordie Phonology
The Geordie Vowel Sounds
The table below lists all the vowel sounds used in a Geordie accent according to lexical set. The phonetician, John Wells, introduced in his book, Accents of English (1982), the concept of using a single word to refer to the pronunciation of a particular group of English words. He calls these word-groups lexical sets and uses a key word, such as KIT, to identify them. Follow the link below for these vowels as pronounced by RP speakers.
The second column lists all the possible spellings for words in each group, while the third column gives the symbol used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent the vowel sound used by speakers with a Geordie accent for words in each set. You will find these IPA symbols in a dictionary where pronunciations of words are included. Click on a sound file to listen to a speaker with a Geordie accent using the target vowel.
Listen to the Geordie accent
As with any variety of English, Geordie includes a wide range of speakers — from broad dialect to speakers with only a faint hint of a Tyneside accent. In the table, Broad Geordie refers to pronunciations associated with dialect speakers, while other entries identify pronunciations more common in careful speech or among certain social groups, such as older speakers, the middle classes or females. There are also a number of audio clips that illustrate alternative pronunciations of certain words. Some are restricted to individual words, others are archaic pronunciations that echo earlier forms of English, but nonetheless have survived. The right-hand column gives examples of words where these alternative pronunciations exist.
| lexical set (key word) | spelling alternatives | IPA symbol | sound file | alternative pronunciations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIT | king, symphony note also minute, England | /ɪ/ | ||
| Dress | pen, bread, any note also friend, bury, leisure, Geoffrey, says, said and unstressed forms of ate & again | /ɛ/ |
see also head etc. below |
|
| Trap | glad note also timbre, plait | /a/ |
there was a, an oil tank, I think it was, installed around the back |
see also have etc. below |
|
broad Geordie Trap |
glad note also timbre, plait | /æ/ |
uh, we used to sit on top of the helmet and put our frock over the top and turn the handle |
|
| Bath | glass note also laugh | /a/ |
and at the top of this little footpath which led to the yard there used to be the bus-stop |
see also master etc. below |
| LOT | dog, want, laurel note also knowledge, bureaucracy | /ɒ/ | ||
|
broad Geordie LOT |
dog, want, laurel note also knowledge, bureaucracy | /œ/ | ||
| Cloth |
off, salt, cough, austere |
/ɒ/ | ||
| Strut | cup, brother, double, blood note also does | /ʊ/ |
see also one etc. and among etc. below |
|
|
middle class Geordie (especially females) Strut |
cup, brother, double, blood note also does | /ə/ |
uhm, just up from us are four, uhm, council run emergency housing, and they’re blocks of flats |
|
| Foot | cushion, wood, woman, should note also Worcester | /ʊ/ |
see also words ending orthographically in <-ook> below |
|
| Fleece | keep, bead, scene, machine, piece, receive note also key, quay, people, phoenix | /i:/ | ||
|
Fleece
only words with a root that ends in a vowel |
see, sea note also key, quay | /ɪi/ | ||
| Nurse | serve, bird, hurt, learn, work, journey note also colonel & myrtle | /ø:/ | ||
|
broad Geordie Nurse |
serve, bird, hurt, learn, work, journey note also colonel & myrtle | /ɔ:/ |
and the first pint didn't touch the sides, you know, because you were thirsty |
|
| Palm |
rather, half |
/ɒ:/ |
see also father etc. below |
|
| Start | barn, heart, clerk note also French loan words such as reservoir and memoir | /ɒ:/ | ||
| North |
cork, door, board, war |
/ɔ:/ |
the corn coming out one end and the chaff and the straw coming out the other |
see also words starting orthographically with <wa-> below |
| Thought | brought, caught, talk, draw note also broad, water | /ɔ:/ |
and then I realised and I thought, ‘Crikey, the people who are in here!’ |
see also <al-> + consonant and words starting orthographically with <wa-> below |
| Goose | moon, super, move, glue, fruit, brew note also shoe and beauty | /u:/ | see also do etc. below | |
|
Goose
only words with a root that ends in a vowel |
too, glue, brew note also shoe | /ɪʊ/ |
you’ve been through it, but not, and I'll say, ‘Not as bad as yous’ |
|
| Face | game, tray, plain, reign, they, great note also gauge, gaol and French loan words such as café, ballet & foyer | /e:/ | see also yesterday etc. below | |
|
broad Geordie Face |
game, tray, plain, reign, they, great note also gauge, gaol and French loan words such as café, ballet & foyer | /ɪə/ | ||
| Goat | home, show, boat, toe note also sew, brooch, mauve and French loan words such as plateau | /o:/ | see also over and polysyllabic words ending orthographically in <-old> and <-ow> below |
|
|
broad Geordie (especially older males) Goat |
home, show, boat, toe note also sew, brooch, mauve and French loan words such as plateau | /ʊə/ | ||
|
broad Geordie (exclusively males) GOAT |
home, show, boat, toe note also sew, brooch, mauve and French loan words such as plateau | /ɵ:/ |
everybody had a garden where they used to grow their own supplies and most people kept a few hens |
|
| PRICE | mind, lie, shy, night note also I, eye, buy, either, height, aisle, maestro and German loan words such as zeitgeist | /ɛɪ/ |
and the bus used to come once in the morning and once at night-time |
see also words ending orthographically in <-ight> below |
| MOUTH |
shout, down |
/əʊ/ | ||
|
contemporary Geordie (especially females) MOUTH |
shout, down |
/ɛʉ/ |
when people say, oh there's two-thousand plus or three-thousand plus homeless people in Newcastle |
|
|
broad Geordie (exclusively males) MOUTH |
shout, down |
/u:/ | ||
| CHOICE | coin, toy note also buoy | /ɔɪ/ |
and there was a big boiler, big pot-boiler where you popped the clothes in and boiled them up |
|
| NEAR |
beer, clear, here note also weird and words such as brill iant, idea, area, stadium, spaniel, creosote, onion and lascivious |
/ɪa/ | ||
| SQUARE | stare, chair, where, bear, heir note also aeroplane, mayor, prayer and French loan words such as premiere | /e:/ | ||
|
broad Geordie SQUARE |
stare, chair, where, bear, heir note also aeroplane, mayor, prayer and French loan words such as premiere | /ɛa/ |
prayers is important in Islam, because it's, uhm, it's one of the Five Pillars of Islam |
|
| CURE |
poor, tour, sure |
/ʊa/ |
Geordie Pronunciation of Weak Syllables
| lexical set (key word) | spelling alternatives | IPA symbol | sound file | alternative pronunciations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| happy |
happy, beautiful, valley, coffee, bodies note also yesterday and days of the week such as Monday |
/i~i:/ | see also yesterday etc. below | |
| letter~comma |
paper, centre, leisure, colour, doctor, sugar, martyr, zebra |
/a/ | ||
| horses | 3rd person suffix in verbs such as pushes and plural suffix in nouns such as foxes and daisies | /ə/ | ||
| wasted | past tense marker in verbs such as landed and participial adjectives such as excited | /ə/ | ||
| morning | the present participle suffix in verbs such as reading and writing, on nouns such as morning and ceiling and on pronouns such as something and nothing | /ə/ |
and then she’d make a nice suet pudding, either apple pudding or blackberry pudding |
|
| longest, chicken, service, mallET, villAGE, massIVE, etc. | the suffix in superlatives such as biggest and adjectives such as active and the final syllable of nouns such as surface, office, cricket, college, sausage, forest and biscuit | /ə/ |
they come down and, and use the kitchen so I was allowed to work in the managing director’s office doesn’t matter how much you’ve got in your pocket some people kept a rabbit, you know and you could get a rabbit pie and this sort of thing which was true: I had sausage, black pudding, bacon bones, you know |
|
| CONtinue, COMputer etc. | the prefix in verbs such as complain and confirm, adjectives such as complete and contented and nouns such as component and container | /ɒ/ |
Examples of Lexical Variation in Geordie
| key word / word group | other examples | IPA symbol/sound | sound file |
|---|---|---|---|
| among etc. | the words among and amongst | [ɒ] | |
| do etc. | the words do, to and who | [i:] |
if a horse was doing that I think the RSPCA would, they would have something to say about it |
| father etc. | words such as aunt, father, grandfather and half | [a] | |
| have etc. | forms of the verb have – had, has, have and having | [ɛ] |
‘Oh yes,’ he said, I says, ‘You have had a long run, haven’t you!’ |
| head etc. | nouns such as bread and head and adjectives such as deaf and dead | [i:] | |
| know etc. | historically also other monosyllabic words ending orthographically in <-ow>, such as blow, snow and throw - nowadays it is restricted to the verb know, especially in the discourse tag, you know | [a: ~ ɑ:] |
and I mean, you cannot work like that - at the time I didn’t know: I was too, too thick to realise |
| master etc. | the words master and plaster | [ɑ:] |
if I remember rightly, the headmaster, or the headmistress used to live just below there |
| Newcastle | stress on medial syllable, not first syllable | ||
| one etc. | the words one, once, none and nothing | [ɒ] |
we got a new gang up there one day none of the farms had enough men for the thresher, so you helped your neighbours |
| over etc | the <v> sound is omitted in the word over, reflecting an older regional form, o’er, now only used in dialect or in archaic or poetic texts | [aʊ] | |
| yesterday etc. | yesterday, holiday and days of the week such as Monday | [ə] | |
| <al-> + consonant | words featuring <al-> followed by a consonant, such as the adjectives and adverbs all, almost, altogether and always, verbs such as talk and walk or call and fall and nouns such as ball and wall | [a:] |
if there was any kind of sleepwalking to be done they would have to pass the farmer and his wife and, uh, the walls are crumbling now, but they used to be all plastered |
| <-ight> | words ending orthographically in <-ight>, such as light, night, right and sight | [i:] |
I got on the bus with them the other night, you know and, uh |
| <-old> | words ending orthographically in <-old>, such as old, cold and hold | [a:] | |
| <ook> | words ending orthographically in <ook>, such as book, cook, hook, look, took and shook | [ʏ:] |
it was all good fun, you could nearly write a book about the threshing days, you could lots of hooks to, to hang the pans on usually took about a week, you know, one day to do the washing and another day to do the ironing and |
| <-ow> | polysyllabic words ending orthographically in <-ow>, such as the verbs borrow and follow, adjectives like hollow and yellow and nouns such as arrow and window | [ə] | |
| <wa-> | words starting orthographically with <wa->, such as want, warm, was, wasp, watch, water | [a] (warm with [a:]) |


