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1807Wordsworth, 'Daffodils'
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1811Jane Austen letter
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1811Guide to fashion and etiquette
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1815Alphabet books
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1815Soldier's letter: Battle of Waterloo
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1816Jane Austen, Persuasion
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1817P B Shelley, 'Ozymandias'
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1817Sir Walter Scott, Rob Roy
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1818Mary Shelley, Frankenstein
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1818Coleridge's notes on Shakespeare
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1819Keats, 'Ode to a Nightingale'
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1819Lord Byron, Don Juan
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1821Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
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1824Grammar for children
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1825Yorkshire dialect
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1825Punctuation for children
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1826Anti-slavery poem
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1827Diary description of London
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1829Execution of a 12 year old boy
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1835Modern Flash Dictionary
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1837Dickens, Oliver Twist
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1837London dialect in Dickens
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1838Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby
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1842Browning, Dramatic Lyrics
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1843Dickens, A Christmas Carol
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1846Lear's Book of Nonsense
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1847Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre
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1847Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights
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1848The Communist Manifesto
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1850'How do I love thee?'
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1852Poverty and the workhouse
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1854Poor Letter H
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1854'The Charge of the Light Brigade'
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1855Get your ‘air cut!
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1855Cookery for the poor
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1857Mary Seacole's autobiography
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1857Mary Seacole newspaper article
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1858Nursery rhymes
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1860Florence Nightingale letter
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1860Coal mining
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1860The Woman in White
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1861Mrs Beeton
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1861Mrs Beeton's Christmas
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1861Melodrama: East Lynne
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1862Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
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1864The Queen's English
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1866Letter from Charles Darwin
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1867Text message poetry
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1871George Eliot, Middlemarch
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1872Music Hall
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1875Victorian fashion
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1875Freakshow posters
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1876Street sellers
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1878Invention of the telephone
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1878Illusionists and conjurers
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1879Oxford English Dictionary
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1883Afrikaans novel
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1885Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn
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1886Anglo-Indian dictionary
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1886Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
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1887Circus poster
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1888Jack the Ripper murders
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1888Match Girls Strike
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1891Babu English
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1891Hardy, Tess of the D'Urbervilles
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1894Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest
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1895H G Wells, The Time Machine
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1898English 'down under'
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Intro
Humorous and satirical periodicals flourished in Britain and the United States during the 19th century. The leading British example was the magazine Punch, first published in 1841. Cartoons such as these are wonderful records of social attitudes to language.
On these pages
Punch provides numerous insights into language attitudes of the past 150 years, such as the British pre-occupation with ‘h-dropping’ as a mark of social class. To this day many English speakers are so anxious to avoid dropping the initial h sound in words such as house they over-compensate by inserting one in words such as arm. The potential confusion is exploited here in ’air of the ’ed versus hair hof the hatomsphere.
27 October 1855, Punch.
Shelfmark: C. 194.b.199.
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