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Detailed record for Additional 18851
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| Title |
Breviary, Use of the Spanish Dominicans ('The Breviary of Queen Isabella of Castille') |
| Origin |
Netherlands, S., Bruges |
| Date |
c. 1497 |
| Language |
Latin |
| Script |
Gothic |
| Artists |
Gerard David
Master of the Dresden Prayerbook/ Gerard David/ Master of James IV of Scotland and others. |
| Decoration |
Historiated borders with the labours of the months and signs of the zodiac (ff. 1v-7). 1 full page miniature in colours and gold, with a full borde, at the beginning of the Temporale (f. 8v). Space left for a full-page miniature (f. 8). Large, two-column miniatures in colours and gold with full scatter borders, at the beginning of other major liturgical divisions (ff. 9, 29, 37, 41, 63, 71, 77, 81v, 86, 90, 96, 100, 106v, 111v, 112, 124, 132, 139, 146v, 155v, 164, 173, 184v, 211, 228, 234, 241, 252, 260, 262, 293, 297, 309, 337, 348, 354, 365, 368, 386v, 392, 399, 436v, 437, 455, 477v, 481, 485r). Small, one-column miniatures in colours and gold, with full borders, at the beginning of selected masses (ff. 14v, 18, 23, 65v, 67v, 69v, 100v, 101, 101v, 102, 102v, 103, 103v, 104, 108v, 174, 174v, 176, 177v, 180, 182, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191v, 194, 194v, 195v, 196, 196v, 198, 203, 220v, 263v, 266, 270, 289, 301, 312, 314v, 326, 328v, 331v, 345v, 347, 358, 363v, 364, 367, 372, 374, 385v, 390, 404v, 405, 405v, 406v, 407v, 408, 411v, 412v, 414, 417, 418, 419v, 421v, 423v, 427, 431, 441, 442v, 444, 445v, 449, 451v, 458, 459, 461, 462, 463v, 464, 467v, 468v, 469v, 470v, 471, 472v, 473, 474v, 476, 484v, 485v, 488v, 491v, 494, 485v, 499). Historiated initials in colours and gold with partial borders (ff. 303, 304v, 306, 320v, 322v, 324). An unfinished initial (f. 297v). Large initials in colours and gold with flowers and insects, with three-sided borders. Initials in colours on gold grounds, some with flowers and partial borders. Small, verse initials in colours on gold grounds. Line-fillers in colours and gold. |
| Dimensions in mm |
230 x 160 mm (135 x 95) written in two columns |
| Official foliation |
ff. 523 (+ 3 unfoliated parchment flyleaves: 2 at the beginning and 1 at the end, and 1 unfoliated parchment leaf after f. 7). |
| Collation |
i8 (ff. 1-7 + 1 unfoliated leaf after f. 7); ii8+1 (ff. 8-16; f. 8 is a singleton); iii-xiii8 (ff. 17-104); xiv2 (ff. 105-106, bound inside out: the correct order is ff. 106r. 106v, 105r, 105v); xv4 (ff. 107-110); xvi8 (ff. 111-118); xvii10 (ff. 119-128); xviii8 (ff. 129-136); xix8+1 (ff. 137-145; f. 143 is a singleton); xx-xxi8 (ff. 146-161); xxii10 (ff. 162-171); xxiii8+1 (ff. 172-180; f. 172 is a singleton); xxiv-xxv8 (ff. 181-196); xxvi6 (ff. 197-202); xxvii8 (ff. 203-210); xxviii10 (ff. 211-220); xxix-xxxi8 (ff. 221-244); xxxii8 (ff. 245-252; f. 252 is a singleton pasted onto a stub conjoint with f. 245); xxxiii-xxxix8 (ff. 253-308); xl6+1 (ff. 309-315; f. 309 is a singleton); xli6 (ff. 316-321); xlii8 (ff. 322-329); xliii6 (ff. 330-335); xliv2 (ff. 336-337); xlv-lvi8 (ff. 338-433); lvii8+1 (ff. 434-442; f. 436 is a singleton); lviii6 (ff. 443-448); lix8 (ff. 449-456); lx-lxi6 (ff. 457-468); lxii4 (ff. 469-472); lxiii-lxv8 (ff. 473-496); lxvi2 (ff. 497-498); lxvii-lxviii8 (ff. 499-514); lxix8+1 (ff. 515-523 + 1 unfoliated leaf); catchwords. |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
Post-1600. 19th-century blind-tooled dark brown leather binding with decorative lining by Charles Hering, with panels of blind-tooled Mudéjar decoration from an earlier, early 16th-century cover. Contained in a box lined with crimson silk velvet. |
| Provenance |
Isabella I of Castile 'the Catholic' (b. 1451, d. 1504), Queen of Castile and consort of Ferdinand, King of Aragon and Sicily, presented to her in c. 1497 by Francisco de Rojas, diplomat and ambassador to the Emperor Maximilian I, employed to negotiate a double marriage between the children of Isabella and Ferdinand and the children of Maximilian: the Rojas arms with an extract from John 1:5: 'Lux in tenebris lucet et tenebre eam non comprehendetur'; and his dedicatory inscription painted and written over the border decoration: 'Dive Elizabeth hispania[rum] et siscilie Regine etc chri[st]ianissi[m]e potentissi[m]e semp[er] auguste supreme Do[mi]ne sue cleme[n]tissime franciscus de Roias eiusde[m] maiestatis hu[m]ilimus servus ac creatura optime de se merens breviariu[m] hoc ex obsequio obtulit' (f. 437); Isabella's arms impaling those of Ferdinand, with the pomegranate badge of Granada, added on an inserted leaf, supported in the talons of an eagle with a scroll with the legend 'Sub umbra alarum tuarum protege nos' (Psalm 16:8), and two smaller shields below, with the arms of her children impaling those of their spouses (both marriage contracts were signed by proxy in 1495): Juan and Margaret of Austria, daughter of Emperor Maximilian I, and Joanna of Castile and Archduke Philip 'the Handsome', son of Emperor Maximilian I, with extracts from the Psalms, respectively: 'Pro patribus tuis nati sunt tibi filii constituisti eos principes super omnem terram' (Psalm 44: 17) and 'Potensin terra erit semen eorum generatio rectorum benedicetur' (Psalm 111: 2) (f. 436v).
John Dent (b. in or after 1761, d. 1826), politician and book collector: owned by him by 1817, described in Thomas Frognall Dibdin, Bibliographical Decameron or Ten Days Pleasant Discourse upon Illuminated Manuscripts (Bulmer and Co., 1817); sold to Philip Hurd: his sale, Evans, London, March 29, 1827, lot 484. Philip Hurd (d. 1831), Esquire of Kentish Town and attorney-at-law, Inner Temple, sold to Sir John Soane: his sale, Evans, London, March 29, 1832, lot 1434.
Sir John Soane (b. 1753, d. 1837), architect, resold by him through the London bookseller John Cochran to Sir John Tobin .Sir John Tobin (b. 1763, d. 1851), merchant and Lord Mayor of Liverpool, pased by descent to Rev. John Tobin, his son.
Reverend John Tobin of Liscard, Cheshire: sold by him to William Boone, London bookseller (trading 1815-1870) in 1852; purchased by the British Museum from Boone in 1852. |
| Notes |
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript, see Digitised Manuscripts http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/
There were two campaigns of illumination of this manuscript. The first campaign began probably in the mid 1480s (see Brinkmann, Die flämische Buchmalerei, 1997) and encompassed works by the Master of the Dresden Prayerbook (most of miniatures on ff. 8v-258), his follower (ff. 1v-7 and several borders), Gerard David (ff. 29, 41, 297), with the last miniature probably belonging to the second campaign) and another painter (f. 309, painted on a singleton). The second campaign began before 1497 and was conducted by the Master of James IV of Scotland who was responsible for the remainder of the miniatures, with 12 spaces left blank. Seven miniatures were added in Spain, in the late 1480s or early 1490s (McKendrick, The Isabella Breviary, 2012) or c. 1500 (Backhouse, The Isabella Breviary, 1993) (ff. 365v, 372, 374, 386v, 390, 392, 399. All except the first miniature are painted on separate sheets of parchment and pasted into the volume). Five miniatures were added in the 19th century, in England (ff. 363v, 364, 367, 368, 385v) (see Kren and McKendrick, Illuminating the Renaissance, 2003). |
| Select bibliography |
Paul Durrieu, La Miniature flamande au temps de la cour de Bourgogne (1415-1530), (Paris, 1921), pl. LXXX.
Flemish Art 1300-1700, Winter Exhibition 1953-54 (London: Royal Academy of Arts ,1953-1954), no. 606.
James McKinnon, ‘The Late Medieval Psalter: Liturgical or Gift Book?’, Musica Disciplina, 38, Aspects of Music in Church, Court and Town from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century (1984), 133-57 (p. 134).
Alain Arnould and Jean Michel Massing, Spendours of Flanders (Cambridge: University Press, 1993), pp. 136, 156.
François Avril and Nicole Reynaud, Les Manuscrits à Peintures en France 1440-1520 (Paris: Flammarion, 1993), p. 299 [exhibition catalogue].
Janet Backhouse, The Hastings Hours (London: British Library, 1996), p. 25.
The Apocalypse and the Shape of Things to Come, ed. by Frances Carey (London: British Museum, 1999), pp. 94-95, no. 23 [with additional bibliography]
Maurits Smeyers, Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the mid-16th Century (Leuven: Brepols, 1999), pls 89, 90 on p. 477.
Sophie Page, Astrology in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002), p. 47, pl. 38.
Scot McKendrick, Flemish Illuminated Manuscripts 1400-1550 (London, 2003), pls 85-90.
The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, ed. by Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2005), pp. 214-15.
Deirdre Jackson, Marvellous to Behold: Miracles in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 16.
Elizabeth Morrison, Beasts: Factual & Fantastic (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007), pp. 8-9.
La miniatura medieval en la Península Ibérica, ed. by Joaquín Yarza Luaces (Murcia: Nausícaä, 2007), pl. 9, p. 74.
Frauke Steenbock, 'Nothing second rate enters here', in Von Kunst und Temperament: Festschrift zu Ehren Eberhard Königs 60. Geburtstag, ed. by Mara Hofmann and Caroline Zöhl (Turnhout: Brepols, 2007), pp. 252-67 (pp. 261, 267 n. 34).
Lieve De Kesel, ‘Heritage and Innovation in Flemish Book Illumination at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century: Framing the Frames From Simon Marmion to Gerard David’, in Books in Transition at theTime of Philip the Fair: Manuscripts and Printed Books in the Late Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century Low Countries, ed. by Hanno Wijsman (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010), pp. 93-130 (pp. 94, 102).
Alixe Bovey, Jean de Carpentin's book of hours: The Genius of the Master of the Dresden Prayer Book (London : Paul Holberton Publishing, [2011]), p. 134, fig. 140.
The Isabella Breviary: The British Library, London Add. Ms. 18851 (Barcelona: Moleiro, 2012) [facsimile].
Nigel Morgan, Scot McKendrick and Elisa Ruiz García, The Isabella Breviary: The British Library, London Add. Ms. 18851 (Barcelona: Moleiro, 2012) [facsimile commentary]. |
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f. 1v
January |
f. 2
February |
f. 2v
March |
| |
f. 3
April |
f. 3v
May |
f. 4
June |
| |
f. 4v
July |
f. 5
August |
f. 5v
September |
| |
f. 6
October |
f. 6v
November |
f. 7
December |
| |
ff. 8v-9
First Sunday in Advent |
f. 9
Miniature |
f. 9
Detail of a miniature. |
| |
f. 13
Illuminated initials |
f. 14v
Landscape |
f. 14v
Landscape |
| |
f. 18
Third Sunday in Advent |
f. 23
Fourth Sunday in Advent |
f. 29
Nativity |
| |
f. 30
Illuminated initial |
f. 37
Circumcision of Christ |
f. 41v
Illuminated initial |
| |
f. 63
Creation of the animals |
f. 65v
Ark |
f. 69v
Ash Wednesday |
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f. 71
Temptations of Christ |
f. 72
Illuminated initials |
f. 73
Illuminated initials |
| |
f. 77
The woman of Canaan before Christ |
f. 81v
Casting out of a demon |
f. 86
Woman taken in adultery |
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f. 96
Entry into Jerusalem |
f. 99v
Illuminated initials |
f. 100
Last Supper and Washing of the Apostle's Feet |
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f. 100v
Agony in the Garden and Arrest of Christ |
f. 101
Betrayal of Christ and Christ before Caiaphas |
f. 102
Christ before Pilate and Chirst under arrest |
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f. 103
Christ before Pilate and Christ being scourged |
f. 103v
Christ being tortured and Christ being mocked |
f. 104
Christ carrying the cross and Christ being placed upon the cross |
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f. 106v
Crucifixion |
f. 107
Illuminated initials |
f. 108v
Soldiers guarding Christ's tomb |
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f. 111v
Nebuchadnezzar |
f. 112
Rebuilding of Jerusalem |
f. 121
Illuminated initial |
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f. 124
Coronation of David |
f. 132
David cursed |
f. 138
Illuminated initials |
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f. 139
Plunder of the Temple |
f. 146v
David and the singers |
f. 155v
David |
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f. 164
David |
f. 173
Abraham rescuing Lot |
f. 174
Crossing the Red Sea |
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f. 176
Saul and Messenger |
f. 177v
Adam and Eve |
f. 180
Ascension |
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f. 182
Female Suppliant |
f. 184v
David and his musicians |
f. 185
Solomon building the Temple |
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f. 186
God and Saints |
f. 187
Sacrifice |
f. 189
Army |
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f. 191v
David |
f. 194v
Furnace |
f. 195v
Visitation |
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f. 196
Mourning |
f. 196v
Burning of the books |
f. 196v
Snail and fly |
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f. 198
Prayer |
f. 203
Dominicans |
f. 211
Resurrection |
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f. 216
Three illuminated initials |
f. 217
Two illuminated initials |
f. 218v
Two illuminated initials |
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f. 219v
Illuminated initials |
f. 220v
John on Patmos |
f. 226
Illuminated initials |
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f. 228
Ascension |
f. 234
Pentecost |
f. 241
Crucifixion |
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f. 245
Trompe l'oeil border |
f. 252
Dives and Lazarus |
f. 252
Illuminated initial |
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f. 256
Illuminated initial |
f. 256v
Illuminated initial |
f. 258v
Illuminated initial |
| |
f. 259
Illuminated initials |
f. 260
Solomon lecturing |
f. 260
Bird |
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f. 262
Sufferings of Job |
f. 263v
Giving bread |
f. 266
Battle |
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f. 267
Illuminated initial |
f. 270
Temple |
f. 289
Consecration of the Church |
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f. 293
Andrew's Crucifixion |
f. 297
Barbara |
f. 297v
Illuminated initials |
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f. 301
Coronation of the Virgin |
f. 303
Saint Lucy |
f. 306
Stephen |
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f. 309
John the Evangelist |
f. 312
Massacre of the Innocents |
f. 317v
Illuminated initial detail |
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f. 320v
Anthony Abbot |
f. 322v
Martyrdom of Sebastian |
f. 324
Agnes |
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f. 328v
Conversion of Paul |
f. 331v
Thomas Aquinas |
f. 337
Presentation at the Temple |
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f. 345v
Peter |
f. 347
Matthias |
f. 348
Thomas Aquinas |
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f. 354
Annunciation and Tree of Jesse |
f. 358
Vincent Ferrer |
f. 358
Vincent Ferrer |
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f. 363v
George |
f. 365
Peter Martyr |
f. 368
Catherine of Siena |
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f. 372
Holy Cross |
f. 374
Christ's sufferings |
f. 399
Visitation |
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f. 404v
Seven Holy Brothers |
f. 405
Procopius |
f. 405v
Alexius, Confessor |
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f. 406v
Margaret |
f. 407v
Praxedes |
f. 408
Mary Magdalene |
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f. 411v
Apollinaris |
f. 412v
James the Great |
f. 412v
Monkey playing bagpipes detail |
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f. 414
Anne, the Virgin Mary and Christ detail |
f. 417
Martha detail |
f. 418
Pope and bishop |
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f. 419v
Peter |
f. 421
Stephen detail |
f. 423v
Dominic |
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f. 427
Transfiguration |
f. 431
Laurence |
f. 436v
Arms of Queen Isabella |
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f. 441
Bernard detail |
f. 442v
Bartholomew |
f. 445v
Augustine |
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f. 449
John the Baptist |
f. 451v
Nativity of the Virgin Mary |
f. 455
Gorgonius, Prothus and Hiacinthus and the Exaltation of the Cross |
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f. 458
Euphemia |
f. 459
Matthew |
f. 461
Soldiers |
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f. 462
Cosmas and Damian |
f. 463v
Wenceslas |
f. 464
Michael |
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f. 467v
Jerome |
f. 468v
Remigius |
f. 469v
Francis |
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f. 471
Denis |
f. 472v
Edward the Confessor |
f. 473
Luke |
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f. 474v
Female saints |
f. 476
Peter and Paul |
f. 477v
All Saints |
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f. 481
Resurrection of Lazarus |
f. 485
Theodore |
f. 485v
Martin |
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f. 488v
Elizabeth |
f. 491v
Cecilia |
f. 494
Pope Clement |
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f. 495v
Catherine |
f. 499
Apostles |
f. 518v
Partial border |
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