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Detailed record for Royal 15 E IV
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| Author |
Jean de Wavrin |
| Title |
Recueil des croniques et anciennes istoires de la Grant Bretaigne |
| Origin |
Netherlands, S. (Bruges) |
| Date |
after 1471, before 1483 |
| Language |
French |
| Script |
Gothic cursive (bâtarde) |
| Artists |
Master of the London Wavrin |
| Decoration |
29 large miniatures in colours and gold, with full foliate borders, and initials in colours and gold, at the beginning of the prologue and other major text divisions (ff. 14, 16, 20v, 24v, 36, 41v, 52, 57v, 69, 73, 93, 118v, 120, 134, 141v, 146, 156, 180, 187, 192, 213v, 223, 231v, 236, 246, 257v, 287, 295v, 316v). Each miniature marked by the same letter of the alphabet as the first page of a quire in which it is situated. Initials in gold on blue and rose grounds with penwork decoration on white. Line-fillers in blue and rose with penwork decoration in white. |
| Dimensions in mm |
450 x 340 (270 x 215) |
| Official foliation |
ff. 174 (+ 3 unfoliated modern paper flyleaves at the beginning and at the end, and 1 unfoliated medieval parchment at the beginning and 1 unfoliated modern parchment flyleaf at the end); ff. 175 (+ 3 unfoliated modern paper flyleaf at the beginning and at the end, and 1 unfoliated modern parchment flyleaf at the end) |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
BM/BL in-house. |
| Provenance |
Edward IV (b. 1442, d. 1483), king of England and lord of Ireland, adapted for him: his portrait wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece that he had received in 1468, the royal arms of England supported by the lions of March, Edward's badge, and a banner with the motto of the Garter (f. 14).
The Old Royal Library (the English Royal Library): included in the list of books at Richmond Palace of 1535, no. 12; and in the catalogue of 1666, Royal Appendix 71, f. 13.
Presented to the British Museum by George II in 1757 as part of the Old Royal Library. |
| Notes |
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
Contains the first volume of seven of the third edition of the Croniques of Jean de Wavrin (b. 1399/1400, d. c. 1473/4), which was intended to continue the narrative to Edward IV's return to the throne in 1471; bound in two volumes (ff. 1-174v, 175-350v), and preceded by a list of contents (ff. 1-13v). The prologue, its illumination and the table of contents were added to the volume after the rest of the manuscript had been completed. It is not known if other volumes were ever produced. The volume 3, Royal 14 E IV, was acquired independently, in the later phase of Edward's acquisitions (c. 1478-1480) (see Kren and McKendrick 2003).
Catchwords written vertically and bifolium signatures. |
| Select bibliography |
H. Omont, 'Les manuscrits français des rois d'Angleterre au château de Richmond', in Etudes romanes dédiés à Gaston Paris (Paris: É. Bouillon, 1891), pp. 1-13 (p. 5).
George F. Warner and Julius P. Gilson, Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King’s Collections, 4 vols (London: British Museum, 1921), II, p. 176.
Margaret Kekewich, 'Edward IV, William Caxton, and Literary Patronage in Yorkist England', The Modern Language Review, 66 (1971) 481-87 (p. 484).
Otto Pächt, 'La terre de Flandres', Pantheon, 36 (1978), 3-16 (p. 14, fig. 21).
The Hastings Hours, with preface and commentary by D. H. Turner (London: Thames and Hudson, 1983), p. 99.
Janet Backhouse, 'Founders of the Royal Library: Edward IV and Henry VII as Collectors of Illuminated Manuscripts', in England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1986 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by David Williams (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1987), pp. 23-42 (pp. 24, 40, pl. 1).
Lilian M. C. Randall, Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery, 3 vols (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989-1997), III: Belgium, 1250-1530, 2 parts, I, p. 276.
Scot McKendrick, 'Lodewijk von Gruuthuse en de Liberije van Edward IV', in Lodewijk von Gruuthuse: Mecenas en europeen Diplomaat, ca.1427-1492, ed. by M.P.J. Martens (Bruges, 1992), pp. 153-59 (p. 159, n. 89).
Scot McKendrick, 'The Romuléon and the Manuscripts of Edward IV', in England in the Fifteenth Century, ed. by Nicholas Rogers, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 4 (Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1994), pp. 149-69 (p. 165, n. 101).
D. B. Mahoney, 'Courtly Presentation and Authorial Self-Fashioning: Frontispiece Miniatures in the Late Medieval French and English Manuscripts', Medievalia: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Medieval Studies Worldwide, 21 (1996) 97-160 (pp. 104-05, fig. 3).
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 173.
The Libraries of King Henry VIII, ed. by J. P. Carley, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, 7 (London: The British Library, 2000), H1.12,pl. 6b.
Janet Backhouse, 'Memorials and Manuscripts of a Yorkist Elite', in St George's Chapel, Windsor, in the Late Middle Ages, ed. by Colin Richmond and Eileen Scarff, Historical Monographs relating to St George Chapel, Windsor Castle, 17 (Leeds : Maney Publishing, 2001), pp. 151-60 (p. 152).
C. T. L. Visser-Fuchs, 'Warwick and Wavrin: Two Case Studies on the Literary Background of Anglo-Burgundian Relations in the Yorkist Period' (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University College, London, 2002), pp. 206, 322, 331
Scot McKendrick, Flemish Illuminated Manuscripts 1400-1550 (London: British Library, 2003), pls. 65-66.
Thomas Kren and Scot McKendrick, Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe (Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003), no. 75 pp. 69, 224, 226, 256, 276, 278-80, 284, 301 [exhibition catalogue].
Sophie Page, Magic in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2004), pp. 8-9, pl. 5.
Joe Flatman, Ships and Shipping in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2009), pls 95, 105, 149.
Hans-Collas, Ilona, and Pascal Schandel, Manuscrits enluminés des anciens Pays-Bas méridionaux, II: Manuscrits de Louis de Bruges (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2009), pp. 157-58, 256-72.
Scot McKendrick, ‘The Manuscripts of Edward IV: The Documentary Evidence’, in 1000 Years of Royal Books and Manuscripts, ed. by Kathleen Doyle and Scot McKendrick (London: The British Library, 2013), pp. 149-77 (pp. 165, 172). |
| Last revised: 09 May 2011 |
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f. 13v
Text page |
f. 14
Edward IV |
f. 14
Edward IV |
| |
f. 14
Knight with banner |
f. 14
Arms of England |
f. 14
Two men talking |
| |
f. 16
Marriage of Diodicias |
f. 16
Marriage of Diodicias |
f. 20v
Albina cutting her husband's throat |
| |
f. 20v
Albina cutting her husband's throat |
f. 24v
View of England |
f. 24v
View of England |
| |
f. 24v
England |
f. 36
Brutus' camp |
f. 36
Brutus' camp |
| |
f. 36
Grotesque |
f. 41v
Gandoline in bed |
f. 41v
Gandoline in bed |
| |
f. 52
Death of Gincelin |
f. 52
Death of Gincelin |
f. 57v
Buildling of Caesar's ships |
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f. 57v
Peasant |
f. 57v
Buildling of Caesar's ships |
f. 69
Pope receiving Lucius' envoy |
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f. 69
Pope receiving Lucius' envoy |
f. 73
Constans and Helena |
f. 93
Vortigern |
| |
f. 93
Vortigern |
f. 118v
Aurelian and Uther |
f. 118v
Landing of Aurelian and Uther |
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f. 120
Death of Hengist |
f. 120
Death of Hengist |
f. 120
Grotesque |
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f. 134
Court of Uther |
f. 134
Court of Uther |
f. 141v
Coronation of Arthur |
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f. 141v
Coronation of Arthur |
f. 146
Lake, an island, and the ships of the Scots |
f. 146
Lake, island, and ships of the Scots |
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f. 156
Arthur and the Spanish giant |
f. 156
Arthur and the Spanish giant |
f. 180
Defeat of Cadwal |
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f. 180
Defeat of Cadwal |
f. 180
Hedgehog and ape |
f. 187
Deaths from famine |
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f. 192
Landing of Cadwallader's sons |
f. 192
Landing of Cadwallader's sons |
f. 213v
Landing of Alfred |
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f. 213v
Landing of Alfred |
f. 223
Normans praying to relics of Valery |
f. 223
Normans praying to relics of Valery |
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f. 231v
Saxon stockade |
f. 231v
Saxon stockade |
f. 236
William the Conqueror |
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f. 236
William the Conqueror |
f. 246
Henry I |
f. 246
Henry I |
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f. 246
Grotesque |
f. 246
Henry I |
f. 257
Richard I |
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f. 257
Richard I |
f. 257v
Richard I |
f. 257v
Richard I |
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f. 257v
Grotesque |
f. 257v
Battle |
f. 287
Edward I returning from Gascony |
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f. 287
Edward I returning from Gascony |
f. 295v
Edward II |
f. 295v
Edward II |
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f. 295v
Grotesque |
f. 295v
Man and lion |
f. 316v
Queen Isabella and her army |
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f. 316v
Queen Isabella and her army |
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