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Detailed record for Arundel 44
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| ff. 1v-129v |
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| Author |
Conrad of Hirsau (?) |
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| Title |
Speculum virginum |
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| f. 1 |
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| Title |
Epithalamium (fragment: the final song: Audite o lucis filie) |
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| Origin |
Germany, S. |
| Date |
2nd or 3rd quarter of the 12th century (probably after 1140) |
| Language |
Latin |
| Script |
Protogothic, by several scribes |
| Scribe |
For a discussion of the number of scribes see Seyfarth 2001 p. 44. |
| Decoration |
12 large diagrammatic drawings in brown or colours with highlighting in green, blue, yellow and red (ff. 2v, 13, 28v, 29, 34v, 46, 57v, 70, 83v, 93v, 108v, 114v). 2 small miniatures in brown ink with highlights in colours (f. 17v). Hands within the text in red (f. 82). Large and small initials in red or brown, some with penwork decoration. |
| Dimensions in mm |
280 x 185 (215 x 145) |
| Official foliation |
ff. iii + 131 (ff. i-iii and 130-131 are modern paper flyleaves) |
| Collation |
i10+1 (first leaf inserted, ff. 1-11), ii6 (ff. 13-18), iii-xviii8 (ff. 19-129); Arundel 501, ff. 15-16 (formerly ff. 32-33), are part of the missing last quire of this manuscript |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
BM/BL in-house. Rebound in 1959. |
| Provenance |
The Cistercian abbey of St Mary, Eberbach: inscribed 'hugo mag[ister]' (f. 1), probably late 12th century, apparently owned by the same Magister Hugo as 4 other manuscripts from Eberbach (see Palmer 1998); 'f4' in the Eberbach library catalogue of 1502.
Shelfmarks(?): 'Z96' and '43' (f. 1); similar inscriptions occur in many other Arundel manuscripts.
? Thomas Howard (b. 1585, d. 1646), 2nd earl of Arundel, 4th earl of Surrey, and 1st earl of Norfolk, art collector and politician.
Henry Howard (b. 1628, d. 1684), 6th duke of Norfolk, presented to the Royal Society in 1667.
The Royal Society, London: its ink stamp 'Soc. Reg. Lond / ex dono HENR. HOWARD / Norfolciensis.' (f. 1); its book-plate, with the inscription 'XV:8.9' (f. ii).
Purchased by the British Museum from the Royal Society together with 549 other Arundel manuscripts in 1831. |
| Notes |
Notated antiphon ‘Audite o lucis filie’ from the Epithalamium in the Speculum Virginum (f. 1).
Musical notation: neumes on staff (f. 1). |
| Select bibliography |
Catalogue of Manuscripts in The British Museum, New Series, 1 vol. in 2 parts (London: British Museum, 1834-1840), I, part I: The Arundel Manuscripts, p. 10.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 5.
Augustus Hughes-Hughes, Catalogue of Manuscript Music in the British Museum, 3 vols (London: British Museum, 1906-1965), I, 422.
Arthur Watson, 'The Speculum Virginum with Special Reference to the Tree of Jesse', Speculum: Journal of Mediaeval Studies 3 (1928), pp. 445-69, pls. I-VI.
Arthur Watson, The Early Iconography of the Tree of Jesse (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934), pp. 102, 128-31, pls XVI, XXIX.
Martha Strube, Die Illustrationen des Speculum virginum, Inaugural-Dissertation, Bonn (Düsseldorf: Nolte, 1937), pp. 3, 40, pls 1, 2.
Albert Siegmund, Die Überlieferung der griechischen Literatur in der latainischen Kirche bis zum zwölften Jahrhundert, Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Benediktiner-Akademie, 5 (Munich: Filser, 1949), p. 117.
André Grabar and Carl Nordenfalk Romanesque Painting from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century, trans. by Stuart Gilbert (Lausanne: SKIRA, 1958), p. 161.
Eleanor Simmons Greenhill, Die geistigen Voraussetzungen der Bilderreihe des Speculum Virginum, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters, 39 (Münster, 1962), pp. 19-22, 132-39, pls. 1-12.
Eleonor S. Greenhill, Die Stellung der Handschrift British Museum Arundel 44 in der Überlieferung des Speculum Virginum, Mitteilungen des Grabmann-Instituts der Universität München, 10 (Munich: Hueber, 1966).
Franz Ronig, Die Buchmaleriei des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts in Verdun (Cologne: n. pub., 1967), p. 160 n. 735.
C. R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London : Penguin Books, 1971). p. 172, pl. 99.
Jennifer O'Reilly, Studies in the Iconography of the Virtues and the Vices in the Middle Ages (New York: Garland, 1988, print of an unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Nottingham, 1972), pp. 365-71, pls. 27b, 30, 30a, 30b.
Lucy Freemen Sandler, The Psalter of Robert de Lisle (London: Harvey Miller, 1983), p. 104 n. 60, figs 40-41.
Aliza Cohen-Mushlin, A Medieval Scriptorium: Sancta Maria Magdalena de Frankendal, Wolfenbütteler Mittelalter-Studien, 3, 2 vols (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990), I, 112-6; II, figs 248, 252, 253, 258, 259, 264, 265, 268, 273, 274, 278, 279.
Speculum Virginum, ed. by Jutta Seyfarth, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis, 5 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1990), pp. 56*-60* and passim; pls 1, 2, 4, 13-14 (as 'L').
Ornamenta Ecclesiae: Kunst und Künstler der Romanik, ed. by Anton Legner, 3 vols (Cologne: Greven & Bechtold, 1985), I, 78 [exhibition catalogue].
Nigel F. Palmer, Zisterzienser und ihre Bücher: Die mittelalterliche Bibliotheksgeschichte von Kloster Eberbach im Rheingau unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der in Oxford und London aufbewahrten Handschriften (Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 1998), pp. 76-80, 146, 206ff, 220, 272, 281, 314; figs. 59, 121, 153 , 182, 197.
Bernhard Jussen, Der Name der Witwe: Erkundungen zur Semantik der mittelalterlichen Busskultur, Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000), pp. 105 n. 72, 107-8, pl. 5.
Catherine Jeffreys, '"Listen, Daughters of Light!": The Epithalamium and Musical Innovation in Twelfth-Century Germany', in Listen, Daughter: The "Speculum Virginum" and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages, ed. by Constant J. Mews (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 137-57 (pp. 138-42, example 5).
Constant J. Mews, 'Introduction', in Listen, Daughter: The "Speculum Virginum" and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages, ed. by Constant J. Mews (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 3-14 (p. 3), figs 1-6.
Morgan Powell, 'The "Speculum virginum" and the Audio-Visual Poetics of Women's Religious Instruction', in Listen, Daughter: The "Speculum Virginum" and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages, ed. by Constant J. Mews (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 111-35 (p. 113).
Jutta Seyfarth, 'The Speculum virginum: The Testimony of the Manuscripts', trans. by Janice M. Pinder, in Listen Daughter: The Speculum Virginum and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages, ed. by Constant J. Mews (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), pp. 41-57 (esp. pp. 41-42, 44-51).
Krone und Schleier: Kunst aus Mittelalterlichen Frauenklöstern, Bonn and Essen exhibition catalogue (Munich: Kirmer, 2005), no. 205a.
Aden Kumler, Translating Truth: Ambitious Images and Religious Knowledge in Late Medieval France and England (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), pp. 60 (fig. 6), 60-63, 62 (figs. 7,8), 250 (n. 51).
Jeffrey F. Hamburger and Nigel F. Palmer, The Prayer Book of Ursula Begerin, 2 vols (Dietikon-Zurich: Urs Graf, 2015), I, pp. 204, 206, fig. 260. |
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ff. 1v-129v |
| Conrad of Hirsau (?) Speculum virginum |
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f. 13
Mystic Paradise |
f. 28v
Tree of Vices |
f. 29
Tree of Virtues |
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f. 34v
Victory of Humility |
f. 57v
Wise and Fooling Virgins |
f. 70
Parable of the Sower |
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f. 83v
Fruits of the Spirit |
f. 93v
Ladder of Virtue |
f. 108v
Christ in Majesty |
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f. 114v
Temple of Wisdom |
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