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Detailed record for Egerton 1070
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| Part 1 |
ff. 6-153v |
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| Title |
Book of Hours, Use of Paris ('The Hours of René d'Anjou') |
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| Origin |
France, Central (Paris) |
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| Date |
c. 1410 |
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| Language |
Latin, calendar and rubrics in French |
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| Script |
Gothic |
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| Artists |
Attributed to the Egerton Master - his eponymous manuscript - and workshop (ff. 6v-45, 54v-90v, 95-96v, 98-103v, 105-109v); the Boucicaut workshop (this hand now defined as the Master of Mazarine 469) (ff. 91-94v, 111-134v, 140); a follower of the Parement Master (ff. 97, 97v); and a follower of Jacquemart de Hesdin (ff. 104, 104v) (see Meiss 1974; for the Master of Mazarine 469 see Bartz 1999). |
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| Decoration |
16 small pairs of quadrilobed miniatures in the lower margin of the calendar and the Gospels, accompanied by full foliate borders, in colours and gold (ff. 6-13v); offsets of a pair on f. 47, probably formerly misbound. 10 full-page miniatures with full foliate borders, accompanied on the facing page by large historiated initials with partial foliate borders carried by angels, in colours and gold (ff. 15v, 24v, 29v, 32v, 34v, 36v, 38v, 41v, 44v, 54v). 1 small miniature, accompanied by a large decorated initial and a three-sided foliate border carried by angels, in colours and gold (f. 140). Many small column-wide miniatures with partial foliate borders carried by angels, in colours and gold (ff. 70v, 72, 73v, 74v, 76, 72v, 79, 80v, 81 (x2), 81v (x2), 82 (x2), 82v (x2), 83 (x2), 83v (x2), 84 (x2), 84v, 85 (x2), 85v (x2), 86 (x2), 86v, 87 (x2), 87v (x2), 88 (x2), 88v (x2), 89 (x2), 89v (x2), 90 (x2), 90v (x2), 91 (x2), 91v (x2), 92 (x2), 92v (x2), 93 (x2), 93v (x2), 94 (x2), 94v, 95 (x2), 95v (x2), 96, 96v, 97, 97v (x2), 98 (x2), 98v, 99 (x2), 99v (x2), 100, 100v (x2), 101 (x2), 101v (x2), 102, 102v (x2), 103 (x2), 103v (x2), 104, 104v, 105 (x2), 105v (x2), 106, 106v (x2), 107 (x2), 107v (x2), 108 (x2), 108v, 109 (x2), 109v, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118v, 124v, 129v, 134v). 7 large historiated initials, following small miniatures, with partial foliate borders carried by angels, in colours and gold (ff. 70v, 73v, 75, 76, 77v, 79, 80v). Smaller and small initials in red with blue pen-flourishing or in blue with red pen-flourishing. Line-fillers decorated in red and blue. |
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| Dimensions in mm |
220 x 165 (135 x 105) in two columns, except ff. 140-153v |
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| Part 2 |
ff. 4v, 5, 53, 110, 139 |
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| Title |
Book of Hours, Use of Paris ('The Hours of René d'Anjou') |
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| Origin |
France, S. E. (Aix-en-Provence) |
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| Date |
c. 1442 - 1443 (see Avril and Reynaud 1993) |
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| Language |
N/A |
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| Script |
Gothic (ff. 14r-v, 23v, 43v-44) |
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| Artists |
Attributed to Barthélemy d'Eyck (see Avril and Reynaud 1993). |
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| Decoration |
5 full-page miniatures, some on inserted leaves, in colours and gold (ff. 4v, 5, 53, 110, 139). Emblematic sails with René d'Anjou's motto 'En Dieu en soit' added to the lower margin at the beginning of each Office of the Hours of the Virgin and the Penitential Psalms (ff. 16, 25, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39, 42, 45). Small initials in blue with purple pen-flourishing or in purple with blue pen-flourishing (f. 14r-v), in gold with blue pen-flourishing (f. 23v), and in red with brown pen-flourishing or in blue with red pen-flourishing (ff. 43v-44). |
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| Dimensions in mm |
222 x 165 |
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| Official foliation |
ff. 154 (+ 2 unfoliated original leaves after ff. 3, 139; + 4 parchment flyleaves at the beginning, and 1 original and 3 parchment flyleaves at the end; unfoliated modern leaves facing each miniature) |
| Collation |
Collation apparently: 12 (ff. 3-[3a]); 22 (ff. 4-5); 36 (ff. 6-11); 48+1 (f. 14 added; ff. 12-22); 5-78 (ff. 23-46), 88+2 (ff. 52-53 added; ff. 47-56), 9-148 (ff. 57-104), 156 (ff. 105-110); 16-188 (ff. 111-134); 194 (ff. 135-138); 202 (ff. 139-[139a], added); 21-228 (ff. 140-[155]). In quire 5 folios 24 and 29 are transposed because the bifolium is folded the wrong way. |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
BM/BL in-house. Blue velvet; rebound in 1957. |
| Provenance |
? A member of the Anjou family: a small miniature with Charlemagne, holding a shield with ermines, makes allusion to Charles of Blois, father of Marie de Blois, wife of Louis I of Anjou (f. 86v) (see Avril and Reynaud 1993); Charlemagne ('Charles') is also in gold in the calendar (28 January).
René d'Anjou (b. 1409, d. 1480), king of Naples: his added arms (f. 4v) and his motto 'En Dieu en soit' inscribed on emblematic sails, added to the lower margin at the beginning of each Office of the Hours of the Virgin and the Penitential Psalms (ff. 16, 25, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39, 42, 45); added prayer in which René is prayed for by name (ff. 43v-44).
George Strangways, Archdeacon of Coventry (see below).
Henry VII (b. 1457, d. 1509), king of England, presented to him by his chaplain George Strangways: inscribed 'Hunc libellum contulit ex sincera intimaque animi sui affectione serenissimo Henrico Septimo invictissimo ac gloriosissimo Anglie et Francie regi ad virtutis et exercitationem et incrementum magister Georgius Strangways Sacre Theologie Professor archidiaconus Coven' regie maiestatis capellanorum minimus' (f. 154).
The library of the Jesuit College, Cracow, by 1630: inscribed 'Catalogo librorum Domus Professae Cracoviensis Societatis Iesu donatus Bibliotheca eiusdem a Spectabili(?) Da [space] Tolania Sac(ra)(?) ut nunquam alienetur ab eadem domo. Anno Domini 1630 5a Martii' (f. 4).
Letter in German, written at Windsor Castle, 4 September 1832 (ff. 1-2).
Bought by the British Museum from H. Ruschweigh, 6th July 1844 (note on 3rd flyleaf [f. i]) ('Ruschweigh' is perhaps a mis-spelling of 'Ruscheweyh', a more common surname; some details of the acquisition may be found in Sir Frederic Madden's diary for 10 June, and 1, 3, & 5 July 1844), using the Bridgewater fund (£12,000 bequeathed in 1829 by Francis Henry Egerton, 8th Earl of Bridgewater (b. 1756, d. 1829). |
| Notes |
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
The suffrages are preceded by a rubric 'Cy apres sensuivent les memoires des sains et des saintes et de toutes les festes de l'an selonc lordenance du kallendier. Excepte que le kallendier commence le premier iour de Janvier. Et les memoires commencent a l'avant. Et premier le memoire de saint andrieu apostre' (f. 80v), yet the suffrages do not correspond fully with the calender in this manuscript. |
| Select bibliography |
Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the Years 1841-1845 (London: British Museum, 1850), 1844, p. 155.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 13.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen, 1911), p. 283.
[J. A. Herbert], British Museum: Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 3, 3rd edn (London: British Museum, 1925), pls 36-37.
A Guide to the Exhibition of Some Part of the Egerton Collection of Manuscripts in the British Museum (London: British Museum, 1929), no. 20.
Grete Ring, A Century of French Painting 1400-1500 (London: Phaidon, 1949), no. 101, fig. 8, pl. 5.
Millard Meiss, French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Late XIV Century and the Patronage of the Duke, 2 vols, National Gallery of Art Kress Foundation Studies in the History of European Art, 2 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1967), pp. 357, 381 n. 64.
Millard Meiss, with Kathleen Morand and Edith W. Kirsch, French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Boucicaut Master, National Gallery of Art Kress Foundation Studies in the History of European Art, 3 (London: Phaidon, 1968), pp. 42, 54, 69, 95 f., 125 f., figs 148, 205-9.
Millard Meiss, French Painting in the Time of Jean de Berry: The Limbourgs and their Contemporaries, 2 vols (London: Thames & Hudson, 1974), I, pp. 328-29.
Françoise Robin, 'La Politique religieuse des Princes d'Anjou-Provence et ses manifestations littéraires et artistiques (1360-1480)', in La Littérature angevine médiévale. Actes du colloque du samedi 22 mars (Paris: Champion, 1981), pp. 155-76 (p. 159).
Françoise Robin, La Cour d'Anjou-Provence: La vie artistique sous le règne de René (Paris: Picard, 1985), pp. 167, 170-73, 271; pls 71-73.
François Avril and Nicole Reynaud, Les Manuscrits à Peintures en France 1440-1520 (Paris: Flammarion, 1993), no. 122 [exhibition catalogue].
Janet Backhouse, 'Illuminated Manuscripts Associated with Henry VII and Members of his Immediate Family', in The Reign of Henry VII: Proceedings of the 1993 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by Benjamin Thompson (Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1995), pp. 175-87 (p. 182).
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (London: British Library, 1997), no. 134.
Albert Châtelet, 'Pour en finir avec Barthélemy d'Eyck', Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 131 (1998), 199-220 (pp. 119, 207-09, 211).
Gabriele Bartz, Der Boucicaut Meister: Ein unbekanntes Stundenbuch (Passau: Kölbl, 1999), pp. 119-20.
Maurits Smeyers, Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the mid-16th Century (Leuven: Brepols, 1999), p. 265, pls 45, 46 on p. 264.
Albert Châtelet, L'Âge d'or du manuscrit à peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et Les Heures du Maréchal Boucicaut (Dijon: Institut de France, 2000), pp. 178-79, fig. 117.
Nicolas Bell, Music in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2001), p. 44-45.
Paris 1400: Les arts sous Charles VI (Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2004), no. 165.
Janet Backhouse, Illumination from Book of Hours (London: British Library, 2004), fig. 49.
Treasures of the British Library, ed. by Nicolas Barker and others (London: British Library, 2005), p. 128.
Splendeur de l'enluminure: le roi René et les livres, ed. by Marc-Édouard Gautier (Angers: Ville d’Angers; Arles: Actes sud, 2009), cat. 2, pp. 17, 29, 31, 80, 126, 131, 154, 161, 164, 166, 167, 171, 174, 190-92, 197, 197, 202, 206-11, 241, 248, 255, 324, 327 [exhibition catalogue].
Kings, Queens, and Courtiers: Art in Early Renaissance France, ed. by Martha Wolff (New Haven: Yale, 2011), p.47.
Scot McKendrick, John Lowden and Kathleen Doyle, Royal Manuscripts: The Genius of Illumination (London: British Library, 2011), no. 144 [exhibition catalogue].
Gregory T. Clark, Art in a Time of War (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2016), p. 41. |
| Last revised: 24 February 2006 |
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Part 1
ff. 6-153v |
| Book of Hours, Use of Paris ('The Hours of René d'Anjou') |
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f. 5
Jerusalem |
f. 6
January |
f. 6v
February |
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f. 7
March |
f. 7v
April |
f. 8
May |
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f. 8v
June |
f. 9
July |
f. 9v
August |
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f. 10
September |
f. 10v
October |
f. 11
November |
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f. 11v
December |
f. 11v
December |
f. 12
John |
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f. 12v
Luke |
f. 13
Matthew |
f. 13v
Mark |
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f. 15v
The Annunciation |
f. 15v
The Annunciation |
f. 16
Virgin Mary |
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f. 24v
The Nativity |
f. 25
Virgin Mary |
f. 29v
The Visitation |
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f. 29v
The Visitation |
f. 30
Virgin Mary |
f. 32
Blank folio |
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f. 32v
The Annunciation to the Shepherds |
f. 33
Shepherd |
f. 34v
Adoration of the Magi |
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f. 35
Horsemen |
f. 36v
The Presentation in the Temple |
f. 37
Gate |
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f. 39
Landscape |
f. 41v
The Coronation of the Virgin |
f. 42
Initial |
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f. 44v
King David |
f. 44v
King David |
f. 45
Landscape |
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f. 52v
Text page |
f. 53
Memento Mori |
f. 53
Memento Mori |
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f. 54v
Office of the Dead |
f. 55
Grave |
f. 70v
The Trinity |
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f. 72
The Divine Office |
f. 73v
All Saints |
f. 74v
The Pentecost |
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f. 75
Pentecostal Dove |
f. 76
The Host |
f. 77v
The Crucifixion |
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f. 79
Virgin and Child |
f. 80v
Andrew |
f. 80v
Andrew |
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f. 81
Egidius and Nicholas |
f. 82
Thomas and the Birth of the Virgin |
f. 82v
Stephen and John |
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f. 83
The Slaughter of the Innocents and Thomas |
f. 83v
The Adoration of the Magi and Sylvester |
f. 84
William and Hilary |
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f. 84v
Maurus |
f. 84v
Maurus |
f. 85
Sulpitius and Sebastian |
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f. 85v
Agnes and Vincent |
f. 86
Paul and Julian |
f. 86v
Charles |
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f. 86v
Charles |
f. 87
Bathilde and the Purification of the Virgin |
f. 87v
Blaise and Agatha |
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f. 88
Peter and Matthias |
f. 88v
Thomas and Gregory |
f. 89
Benedict and the Annunciation |
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f. 89v
Mary and Ambrose |
f. 90
The Resurrection and Apollonia |
f. 90v
Denis and George |
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f. 91
Mark and Peter Martyr |
f. 91v
James and Phillip and Helena |
f. 92
Quirinus and John |
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f. 92v
Yves and the Ascension |
f. 93
Germain and the Pentecost |
f. 93v
The Trinity and the elevation of the host |
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f. 94
Barnabas and John the Baptist |
f. 94v
Peter |
f. 94v
Peter |
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f. 95
Paul and Peter |
f. 95v
Margaret and Mary Magdalen |
f. 95v
Margaret and Mary Magdalen |
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f. 96
James |
f. 96v
Christopher |
f. 97
Virgin and Child with Anne |
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f. 97v
Peter and Stephen |
f. 98
Lawrence; the Crown of Thorns |
f. 98v
Radegunde |
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f. 99
The Assumption of the Virgin; Marcellus |
f. 99v
Bartholomew and Louis |
f. 100
Augustine |
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f. 100v
John the Baptist and Fiacre |
f. 101
Giles and Lupus |
f. 101v
Nativity of the Virgin and praise of the Holy Cross |
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f. 102
Matthew |
f. 102v
Maurice, Cosmas and Damian |
f. 103
The Archangel Michael and the Instruments of the Passion |
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f. 103v
Remigius and Francis |
f. 104
Denis |
f. 104v
Luke |
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f. 105
The Eleven Thousand Virgins; Simon and Jude |
f. 105v
Quentin and All Saints |
f. 106
Office of the Dead |
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f. 106
Office of the Dead |
f. 106v
Marcel and Leonard |
f. 107
Matelin and Martin |
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f. 107v
Cecilia and Clement |
f. 108
Catherine and Genevieve |
f. 108v
Anthony |
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f. 109
Gervasius and Protasius; Opportuna |
f. 109v
Urban |
f. 109v
Urban |
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f. 110
The Wafer of Dijon |
f. 111
The Virgin and Child with John |
f. 112
The Trinity |
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f. 113
The Institution of the Eucharist |
f. 115
Virgin and Child |
f. 117
Office of the Dead |
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f. 118v
The Betrayal of Christ |
f. 124v
The Road to Calvary |
f. 129v
The Flagellation |
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f. 134
Text page |
f. 134v
Christ Pierced with the Lance |
f. 140
Scenes from Genesis |
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Part 2
ff. 4v, 5, 53, 110, 139 |
| Book of Hours, Use of Paris ('The Hours of René d'Anjou') |
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f. 4v
Arms |
f. 4v
Arms |
f. 110
The Wafer of Dijon |
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f. 139
King David and the three heroes |
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