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Detailed record for Arundel 155
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| Part 1 |
ff. 2-135, 171-193 |
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| Title |
Psalter and prayers ('The Eadui Psalter', 'The Arundel Psalter') |
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| Origin |
England, S. E. (Canterbury, Christ Church) |
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| Date |
between 1012 and 1023 |
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| Language |
Latin |
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| Script |
Caroline minuscule |
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| Scribe |
Eadui Basan (Eadwig Basan) |
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| Decoration |
1 miniature in ink, partially painted in colours and gold (f. 133); further miniatures were perhaps originally on the leaves which formerly faced ff. 53 and 93. Canon tables with micro-architectural details, and 2 figures drawn in ink, one coloured in green (ff. 9v-10). Large initials and full borders in gold and colours, with foliate decoration; the first with an animal mask, the second with 2 symbols of the Evangelists in roundels, and the third with an image of David killing Goliath in the initial, at the beginning of Psalms 1, 51, and 101 (ff. 12, 53, 93). Large and small simple initials and tituli and other words in gold, green, red, or blue, two with penwork decoration in another colour or colours (ff. 35, 105), and later faces added to some letters. Later marginal drawing of an animal (f. 88v). |
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| Dimensions in mm |
310 x 205 (205 x 140) |
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| Part 2 |
ff. 135-144v, 147-170v |
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| Title |
Canticles, litany, and collects (ff. 135-144v); Hymnal and Office of the Dead (ff. 147-170v) |
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| Origin |
England, S. E. (Canterbury, Christ Church) |
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| Date |
2nd or 3rd quarter of the 12th century |
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| Language |
Latin |
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| Script |
Protogothic, written by several scribes |
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| Decoration |
Large initials in red, green, yellow, and blue with foliate decoration (ff. 147, 162v). Large and small initials in green, red, yellow, or blue, some with simple penwork decoration, sometimes in another colour or colours. Line fillers in red. Colour notes (g=green, a=blue, R=red, b=pale brown, e.g., f. 163). |
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| Official foliation |
ff. iv + 193 (f. i is a bookplate, f. ii was formerly a medieval pastedown, ff. iii-iv and 1 are medieval flyleaves) (preceded by three and followed by two unfoliated modern paper flyleaves) |
| Collation |
i12-1 (12th leaf missing; ff. 1-11), ii8-1 (1st leaf missing; ff. 12-18), iii-vi8 (ff. 19-50), vii8-1 (3rd leaf missing; ff. 51-57), viii-xi8 (ff. 58-89), xii8-1 (4th leaf missing; ff. 90-96), xiii-xvii8 (ff. 97-136; quires xv and xvi, ff. 113-120 and 121-128, are transposed); xviii8 (ff. 137-144); xix10+2 (1st and 2nd leaves added; ff. 145-154), xx-xxi8 (ff. 155-170); xxii12 (ff. 171-182), xxiii8 (ff. 183-190), xxiv4-1? (ff. 191-193). |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
BM/BL in-house. Marbled endpapers. |
| Provenance |
Written at the Benedictine cathedral priory of Christ Church, Canterbury by the monk Eadui Basan after 1011 and probably before 1023: the calendar includes the martyrdom of archbishop Aelfheah (Aelphege) (d. April 1012), but not his translation in 1023); additional obits of members of the community were added to the calendar in successive centuries; erased Christ Church ownership inscription(?) (f. ii verso).
Emendations by other 11th- and 12th-century scribes; the text on ff. 145-146 is a 14th-century addition.
William Ingram, monk of Christ Church: with the late 15th-century inscription 'Si quis invenerit hunc librum Restituat dompno Willelmo yngram' (ff. iv; 8).
William Hadley, sub-prior of Christ Church (d. 1499): inscribed 'Psalterium Dompni Johannis Waltham Monachi Ecclesie Christi Cant. Ex dono Dompni W. Hadley supprioris' (f. 1v).
John Waltham, monk of Christ Church: inscribed as cited directly above (f. 1v).
References to popes and to Thomas Becket in the calendar erased, presumably in the mid 16th century.
Inscription: 'procter vendidit anno 1592' (f. iv, added below the Ingram inscription).
Lord William Howard (b. 1563, d. 1640), antiquary and landowner, the younger son of Thomas Howard (b. 1538, d. 1572), 4th duke of Norfolk in 1592: inscribed ‘William Howarde 1592' (ff. 2, 133); his emblem of a lion rampant drawn in ink (f. 2).
? Thomas Howard (b. 1585, d. 1646), 2nd earl of Arundel, 4th earl of Surrey, and 1st earl of Norfolk, art collector and politician.
Henry Howard (b. 1628, d. 1684), 6th duke of Norfolk, presented to the Royal Society in 1667.
The Royal Society, London: its ink stamp: 'Soc. Reg. Lond / ex dono HENR. HOWARD / Norfolciensis.' (f. 12); its book-plate with the pencil inscription: 'XV 8.4’, foliated as 'I' on an unfoliated modern paper flyleaf).
Purchased by the British Museum from the Royal Society together with 549 other Arundel manuscripts in 1831. |
| Notes |
The Psalms text was emended to conform to the Gallicanum version in the 12th century.
Includes a Christ Church calendar (ff. 2-7v).
f. 1 is a 13th-century text with initials in green, red, and red with green penwork decoration.
Basan also wrote Hanover, Kestner Museum MS WM XXIa 36, which he signed with the following colophon: ‘Do not disdain, Father, to pour forth a prayer for the scribe. The monk Eadwig, with the surname Basan, wrote this book. May long-lasting health be his. Farewell servant of God, n[ame], and be mindful of me.’; parts of York, Minster Library, MS Add. 1; Additional 34890; Florence, Laurenziana Plut. XVII 20; parts of Harley 603; and some charters for King Cnut. |
| Select bibliography |
Catalogue of Manuscripts in The British Museum, New Series, 1 vol. in 2 parts (London: British Museum, 1834-1840), I, part I: The Arundel Manuscripts, pp. 42-43.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 4.
George F. Warner, Illuminated Manuscripts in The British Museum, Series I-IV (London: British Museum, 1903), pl. 10.
Abbot Gasquet and Edmund Bishop, The Bosworth Psalter (London: Bell and Sons, 1908), pp. 23, 28-30, 32-34, 36, 39, 41-42, 53, 59, 68, 71, 73, 88, 122.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen, 1911), p. 129.
John Bradley, Illuminated Manuscripts, 2nd edn (London: Bracken Books, 1920), p. 251, no. 8.
Eric. G. Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the XIIIth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1926), p. 108.
English Kalendars before A. D. 1100, ed. by Francis Wormald, Henry Bradshaw Society, 72 (Woodbridge, Surrey: Boydell, 1988 (first publ. 1934), pp. 169-81.
Guide to an Exhibition of English Art gathered from Various Departments and held in the Prints and Drawings Gallery (London: British Museum, 1934), no. 81.
Mary Ann Farley and Francis Wormald, ‘Three Related English Romanesque Manuscripts’ Art Bulletin 22 (1940), 157-60 (p. 158).
The Monastic Breviary of Hyde Abbey, Winchester: MSS. Rawlinson Liturg. e. 1*, and Gough Liturg. 8, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, ed. by J. B. L. Tolhurst, Henry Bradshaw Society, LXV-LXXX, 6 vols (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 1932-42), 6, p. 238.
F. Wormald, ‘Decorated Initials in English MSS. From A.D. 900 to 1100’, Archaeologia, 91 (1945), 107-35 (p. 132).
D. Talbot Rice, English Art 871-1100 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1952), p. 198, pl. 57a.
Francis Wormald, English Drawings of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (London: Faber & Faber, 1952), p. 43, no. 26, pls. 22, 24a-24b.
C. R. Dodwell, The Canterbury School of Illumination 1066-1200 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954), pp. 4, 18, 26, 31, 35, 85, pls 2a, 19a.
N. R. Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957), no. 135.
Cecilia Sisam and Kenneth Sisam, The Salisbury Psalter, edited from Salisbury Cathedral MS. 150, Early English Text Society, 242 (London: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 4-5.
Otto Pächt, C. R. Dodwell, and Francis Wormald, The St. Albans Psalter (Albani Psalter) (London: Warburg Institute, 1960), p. 254 n. 2.
Francis Wormald, 'An English Eleventh-Century Psalter with Pictures: British Museum, Cotton MS Tiberius C. VI', Walpole Society, 38 (1962), 1-14, pls 1-30 (p. 2).
Jackson J. Campbell, 'Prayers from MS. Arundel 155', Anglia 81 (1963), pp. 82-117.
Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: A List of Surviving Books, ed. by N. R. Ker, 2nd edn, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, 3 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1964), p. 35.
Margaret Rickert, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages, 2nd edn (London: Penguin Books, 1965), pp. 43-44, 48-49, pls 40-41.
Franz Ronig, Die Buchmaleriei des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts in Verdun (Cologne: n. pub., 1967), p. 198 n. 607c.
J. J. G. Alexander, Norman Ilumination at Mont St Michel 966-1100 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), p. 61 n. 1, 169 n. 3.
T. A. M. Bishop, English Caroline Minuscule (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), p. 22.
C. R. Dodwell, Painting in Europe: 800 to 1200 (London : Penguin Books, 1971), p. 220 n. 38.
Elzbieta Temple, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts 900-1066, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 2 (London: Harvey Miller, 1976), no. 66, pls 213, 216-17, 220, fig. 56 [with additional bibliography].
J. J. G. Alexander, The Decorated Letter (London: Thames and Hudson, 1978), p. 70, pl. 16.
J. J. G. Alexander, Insular Manuscripts: 6th to the 9th Century, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 1 (London: Harvey Miller, 1978), p. 65.
Andrew G. Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c. 700-1600 in The Department of Manuscripts: The British Library, 2 vols (London: British Library, 1979), no. 447.
The Benedictines in Britain, British Library Series, 3 (London: British Library, 1980), no. 3 [exhibition catalogue].
Anne Lawrence, ‘Manuscripts of Early Anglo-Norman Canterbury’, in Medieval Art and Architecture at Canterbury before 1220, ed. by Nicola Coldstream and Peter Draper, British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions, 5, 1979 (Maney and Son, Leeds, 1982), pp. 101-11 (p. 105).
Francis Wormald, Collected Writings, ed. by J. J. G. Alexander, T. J. Brown, and Joan Gibbs, 2 vols (London: Harvey Miller, 1984), I: Studies in Medieval Art from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, pp. 71, 99, 125.
Hartmut Hoffmann, Buchkunst und Königtum im ottonischen und frühsalishchen Reich, Schriften der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 30, I-II, 2 vols (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1986), I, 90.
T. A. Heslop, 'The Production of De Luxe Manuscripts and the Patronage of King Cnut and Queen Emma', in Anglo-Saxon England, 19, ed. by Michael Lapidge and others (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 151-98 (pp. 154 n. 9, 175-76, 182 [mistakenly refered to as Arundel 115]).
Anglo-Saxon Litanies of the Saints, ed. by Michael Lapidge, Henry Bradshaw Society, 106 (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 1991), no. 13.
Michelle Brown, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts (London: British Library, 1991), p. 26, pl. 24.
The Making of England: Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture AD 600-900, ed. by Leslie Webster and Janet Backhouse (London: British Museum, 1991), no. 57, pl. XVII [exhibition catalogue].
The Eadwine Psalter: Text, Image, and Monastic Culture in Twelfth-Century Canterbury, ed. by Margaret Gibson, T. A. Heslop, and Richard W. Pfaff, Modern Humanities Research Association, 14 (London: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), p. 23, 63-85, 104, 105-07, 137 n. 104, 181-12, pl. 33a.
Richard Pfaff, 'Eadui Basan: Scriptorum Princeps?', in England in the Eleventh Century: Proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by Carola Hicks, Harlaxton medieval studies, 2, Paul Watkins medieval studies, 12 (Stamford: Watkins, 1992), pp. 267-83.
David N. Dumville, English Caroline Script and Monastic History: Studies in Benedictinism, A. D. 950-1030, Studies in Anglo-Saxon History, 6 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1993), pp. 60-61, 107, 113-15, 122-23, 139-40.
Richard Marsden, ‘The Old Testament in Late Anglo-Saxon England: Preliminary observations on the Textual Evidence’, in The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration and Use (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 101-24 (p. 114 n. 72).
Phillip Pulsiano, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile, Volume 2: Psalters I, Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 137 (Binghamton, NY: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1994), no. 175 pp. 19-37.
Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, ed. by Bernhard Bischoff and Michael Lapidge, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, 10 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 84 n. 4.
Carl Nordenfalk, Book Illumination: Early Middle Ages (Geneva: Editions d'art Albert Skira, 1995; originally printed as Early Medieval Painting, New York: Skira, 1957), p. 97.
Phillip Pulsiano, 'Psalters', in The Liturgical Books of Anglo-Saxon England, ed. by Richard W. Pfaff, Old English Newsletter Subsidia, 23 (Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1995), pp. 61-86 (p. 63).
Michelle P. Brown, The Book of Cerne: Prayer, Patronage and Power in Ninth-Century England (London: British Library, 1996), pp. 140, 142, 158.
Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saints’ Lives: Vita S. Birini, Vita et miracula S. Kenelmi and Vita S. Rumwoldi, ed. and trans. By Rosalind C. Love (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), p. xxvi.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 14.
Helmut Gneuss, ‘Origin and Provenance of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: The Case of Cotton Tiberius A. III’, in Of the Making of Books: Medieval Manuscripts, their Scribes and Readers: Essays presented to M. B. Parkes, ed. by P. R. Robinson and Rivkah Zim (Aldershot: Scholar Press, 1997), 13-48 (p. 26).
Michelle P. Brown and Patricia Lovett, The Historical Source Book for Scribes (London: British Library, 1999), pp. 75-77, pls on pp. 75, 76.
Richard Gameson, The Manuscripts of Early Norman England (c. 1066-1130) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 4, 95 no. 358.
Richard Gameson, 'Books, Culture and the Church in Canterbury around the Millennium', in Vikings, Monks and the Millennium: Canterbury in about 1000 A. D., Lectures delivered to the Canterbury Archaeological Society, 30 March 2000 (Tenterden: Canterbury Archaeological Society, 2000), pp. 15-41 (pp. 35-36, pl. 9).
Dominic Marner, St Cuthbert: His Life and Cult in Medieval Durham (London: British Library, 2000), p. 52, fig. 15.
Helmut Gneuss, Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 241 (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001) , no. 306.
The Leofric Missal I, ed. by Nicholas Orchard, Henry Bradshaw Society, 113 (London: Henry Bradshaw Society, 2002), p. 204.
Michelle P. Brown, 'Marvels of the West: Giraldus Cambrensis and the Role of the Author in the Development of Marginal Illustration', in Decoration and Illustration in Medieval English Manuscripts, English Manuscript Studies 1100-1700, 10 (London: British Library, 2002), pp. 34-59 (p. 36).
Diane Reilly, ‘French Romanesque Giant Bibles’, Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits, 56 (2002), 294-311 (p. 294, n. 1).
Rebecca Rushforth, An Atlas of Saints in Anglo-Saxon Calendars, ASNC Guides Texts and Studies, 6 (Cambridge: Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, 2002), no. 11.
C. M. Kauffmann, Biblical Imagery in Medieval England 700-1500 (London: Harvey Miller, 2003), p. 118.
F. O. Büttner, ‘Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen’, in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner, (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 1-106 (p. 30).
Richard Gameson, ‘Eadwig Basan (fl. c.1020)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/55374] [accessed 21 Oct 2009].
Jane Roberts, Guide to Scripts used in English Writings up to 1500 (London: British Library, 2005), p. 86, pl. on p. 87.
Richard Ovenden, ‘The libraries of the antiquaries (c. 1580-1640) and the idea of a national collection’, in The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland, ed. by Elisabeth Leedham-Green and Teresa Webber, 3 vols (Cambridge: University Press, 2006), Vol I: To 1640, pp. 527-61 (p. 541).
Michelle P. Brown, Manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxon Age (London: British Library, 2007), p. 154 (plate).
Melanie Holcomb, Pen and Parchment: Drawing in the Middle Ages (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009), pp. 15-16, fig. 11 [exhibition catalogue].
Richard W. Pfaff, The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History (Cambridge: University Press, 2009), p. 91.
Richard Gameson, 'An Itinerant English master around the Millenium' in England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876-1947) ed. by D. Rollason, C. Leyser and H. Williams (Turnhout: Brepols, '2010', recte 2011), pp. 87-134 (p. 121, n. 72).
Adam S. Cohen, 'Chase, Obedient, Humble:Hidden Inscriptions in Arundel 155', blog post (2012), nhttp://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2012/06/chaste-obedient-and-humble-hidden-inscriptions-in-arundel-155.html (accessed 28 June, 2016). |
| Last revised: 21 June 2005 |
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Part 1
ff. 2-135, 171-193 |
| Psalter and prayers ('The Eadui Psalter', 'The Arundel Psalter') |
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f. 7
November |
f. 9
Table |
f. 9v
Easter table |
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f. 9v
Detail |
f. 10
Canon tables |
f. 10
Detail |
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f. 11
Coloured initial |
f. 11v
Coloured initials |
f. 12
Illuminated initial and border |
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f. 12v
Initial |
f. 53
Illuminated initial and border |
f. 53
Detail |
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f. 67
Coloured initials |
f. 67
Detail |
f. 93
Historiated initial |
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f. 93
Detail |
f. 105
Illuminated initial |
f. 105
Detail |
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f. 133
Benedict |
f. 133
Detail |
f. 133
Detail |
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f. 182
Text |
f. 182
Detail |
f. 182
Detail |
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f. 182
Detail |
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Part 2
ff. 135-144v, 147-170v |
| Canticles, litany, and collects (ff. 135-144v); Hymnal and Office of the Dead (ff. 147-170v) |
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f. 147
Decorated initial |
f. 147
Detail |
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