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Detailed record for Royal 1 D I
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| Title |
Bible, with the Interpretation of Hebrew names (the 'Bible of William of Devon') |
| Origin |
England |
| Date |
3rd quarter of the 13th century |
| Language |
Latin |
| Script |
Gothic, written below top line |
| Scribe |
William of Devon |
| Decoration |
2 miniatures in colours and gold (ff. 4v, 231v). 83 historiated initials in colours and gold, at the beginning of all biblical books, and foliate initials in colours and gold, at the beginning of prologues, all with bar extensions in the margins with grotesque decoration including birds, animals, human figures, and hybrids, sometimes forming full or partial borders (e.g., f. 5). Initials in blue with gold and blue, and red pen-flourishing. Running titles and chapter numbers alternately in red or blue with red and blue pen-flourishing and gold. Some rubrics and paragraphs written in gold (e.g., f. 292). |
| Dimensions in mm |
315 x 205 (200 x 120), in two columns |
| Official foliation |
ff. 582 (+ 1 unfoliated medieval parchment flyleaf at the beginning, and 1 unfoliated modern parchment flyleaf at the beginning and at the end) |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
Post-1600. Purple velvet with silver-gilt centre pieces and corners, and title on a slip of parchment attached to the cover; gilt and gauffered edges. |
| Provenance |
Written by William of Devon: his colophon, 'Will[elmu]s devoniensis scripsit istum / librum/' (f. 540v).
The Old Royal Library (the English Royal Library): Westminster inventory number 'no. 972' (f. 1), included in the inventory of books in the Upper Library at Westminster of 1542.
Presented to the British Museum by George II in 1757 as part of the Old Royal Library. |
| Notes |
Associated with a group of manuscripts (the 'William of Devon group'): Blackburn, Museum and Art Gallery, Ms. 091.21001, Egerton 1151, Pierpont Morgan Library, Ms M. 756, Cambridge, Emmanuel College, Ms 116 (2.I.6), Bodleian Library MS Auct. D. I. 17, Royal I. E. II, Oxford, Corpus Christi College MS I, and Oxford, New College MS 306, influenced by Parisian illumination in style and iconography (see Bennett, 'William of Devon Group' (1972), pp. 31-33 and Temple, 'Further Additions' (1984), p. 344). According to Branner (Branner 1972, pp. 24-30), the William of Devon group were originally part of the Parisian Johannes Grusch workshop.
Includes the Interpretation of Hebrew names (ff. 541-582).
Notes for rubrics (e.g., f. 391v), running titles, and guide numbers for chapter numbers. |
| Select bibliography |
Gustav Friedrich Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain, 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1854; reprinted London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 2003), I, 161-62.
W. R. Tymms and M. D. Wyatt, The Art of Illuminating as Practised in Europe from the Earliest Times (London: Day and Sons, 1860; repr. Studio Editions, 1987), pl. XIII.5.
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 5.
J. W. Bradley, A Dictionary of Miniaturists, Illuminators, Calligraphers, and Copyists, 3 vols (London: Bernard Quaritch, 1887-89), I, p. 282.
E. Maunde Thompson, English Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Kegan Paul, 1895), pp. 36-38, pl. II.
E. Maunde Thompson, 'English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Twelfth to the Fourteenth Century', Bibliographica, 1 (1895), 394-96, pl. XIX.
E. Maunde Thompson, 'The Grotesque and the Humorous in Illuminations of the Middle Ages', Bibliographica, 2 (1896), 319-20, fig. 4.
Frederic G. Kenyon, Facsimiles of Biblical Manuscripts in the British Museum (London, 1900), no. XIX.
George F. Warner, Illuminated Manuscripts in the British Museum: Miniatures, Borders, and Initials Reproduced in Gold and Colours (London, 1899-1903), pl. 20.
Bertold Georg Vitzthum, Die Pariser Miniaturmalerei von der Zeit des hl. Ludwig bis zu Philipp von Valois und ihr Verhältnis zur Malerei in Nordwesteuropa (Leipzig, 1907), p. 91.
British Museum Bible Exhibition 1911: Guide to the Manuscripts and Printed Books exhibited in Celebration of the Tercentenary of the Authorized Version (London: British Museum, 1911), no. 17.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen, 1911), p. 183, pl. xxiii.
Schools of Illumination: Reproductions from Manuscripts in the British Museum, 6 vols (London: British Museum, 1914-1930), II: English 12th and 13th Centuries (1915), pl. 9.
George F. Warner and Julius P. Gilson, Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King’s Collections, 4 vols (London: British Museum, 1921), I, p. 15.
British Museum: Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 2, 3rd ed. by John Alexander Herbert (London: British Museum, 1923), pl. 10.
Eric G. Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the XIIIth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1926), pl. 77.
Elfrida O. Saunders, English Illumination, 2 vols (Florence: Pantheon, 1928), I, p. 73, II, pl. 76.
Guide to an Exhibition of English Art gathered from Various Departments and held in the Prints and Drawings Gallery (London: British Museum, 1934), no. 112.
Peter Brieger, English Art 1216-1307, Oxford History of English Art, 4 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1957), pp. 157-58, 213, 218, 223, pl. 66a.
Margaret Rickert, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages, 2nd ed. (London: Penguin Books, 1965), pp. 103-04, pl. 105.
Derek Howard Turner, Early Gothic Illuminated Manuscripts in England (London: British Museum, 1965), p. 14, pl. 4.
Lilian M.C. Randall, Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts (Berkeley: California University Press, 1966), fig. 125.
Colophons de manuscrits occidentaux des origines aux XVIe siècle, 7 vols (Fribourg Suisse: Editions Universitaires, 1979), II, no. 5866.
Bruce Watson, 'The Place of the Cuerden Psalter in English Illumination', Gesta, 9 (1970), 34-41 (pp. 37-40, figs 7, 11).
Francis Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages, ed. by Evelyn Antal and John Harthan (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971), p. 400, pl. 234.
Adelaide L. Bennett, 'Additions to the William of Devon Group', Art Bulletin, 54 (1972), 31-40 (pp. 31-33, 37, figs 2, 3, 9, 12).
Robert Branner, 'The Johannes Grusch Atelier and the Continental Origins of the William of Devon Painter', Art Bulletin, 54 (1972), 24-30 (pp. 24, 26, fig. 2).
Philippe Verdier, Peter Brieger, Marie Farquhar, Art and the Courts: France and England from 1259 to 1328, The National Gallery of Canada, 27 April-2 July 1972 (Ottawa: National Galley of Canada, 1972), p. 55, fig. 46.
Adelaide L. Bennett, 'The Place of Garrett 28 in Thirteenth-century English Illumination' (unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York: Columbia University, 1973), pp. 110, 111, 141, 148, 149, 154, 155, 174, 287.
Elzbieta Temple, 'Further Additions to the William of Devon Group', Bodleian Library Record, 2 (1984), 344-48 (pp. 344, 346, fig. 4).
J. J. G. Alexander and E. Temple, Illuminated Manuscripts in Oxford College Libraries, the University Archives and the Taylor Institution (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), p. 23.
Adelaide L. Bennett, 'A Late Thirteenth-century Psalter-Hours from London', in England in the Thirteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1984 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. by W. M. Ormrod (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1986), pp. 15-30 (p. 24).
Nigel Morgan, Early Gothic Manuscripts, 2 vols, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 4 (London Harvey Miller, 1982-1988), II: 1250-1285, no. 159.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (London: The British Library, 1997), no. 68.
The Libraries of King Henry VIII, ed. by J. P. Carley, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, 7 (London: The British Library, 2000), H2.972.
John Higgitt, The Murthly Hours: Devotion, Literacy and Luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic West (London: British Library, 2000), pp. 121, 122, 202, 224.
John Lowden, The Making of the Bibles Moralisées, 2 vols (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000), I: The Manuscripts, p. 204.
Alixe Bovey, Monsters and Grotesques in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002), pp. 45-46, pl. 39.
Justin Clegg, The Medieval Church in Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2003), p. 26, pl. 21.
Paul Binski, Becket’s Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pl.188.
Michaela Braesel, ‘The Influence of Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts on the Pre-Raphaelites and the Early Poetry of William Morris’, Journal of William Morris Studies, 15.4 (2004), 41-54 (p. 52 n. 19).
James P. Carley, The Books of King Henry VIII and His Wives, preface by David Starkey (London: British Library, 2004), pl. 12.
The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, ed. By Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2005), p. 101.
M. A. Michael, 'Urban production of manuscript books and the role of the university towns', in The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain (Cambridge: University Press, 1999- ), II: 1100-1400, ed. By Nigel Morgan and Rodney M. Thomson (2008), pp. 168-94 (p. 179).
St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, ed. By B. C. Barker-Benfield, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, 13, 3 vols (London: British Library, 2008), pp. cii, n. 103, 372, 1830-31.
Royal Manuscripts: The Genius of Illumination (London: British Library, 2011), no. 15 [exhibition catalogue].
Scot McKendrick, John Lowden, and Kathleen Doyle, Royal Manuscripts: The Genius of Illumination (London: British Library, 2011), no. 15 [exhibition catalogue]. |
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f. 1
Jerome |
f. 1
Marginal decoration |
f. 4
Decorated initial |
| |
ff. 4v- 5
Crucifixion, Virgin, and Martin and Days of Creation |
f. 4v
Martin |
f. 4v
Crucifixion, Virgin and Martin |
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f. 5
Days of Creation with Adam and Eve cycle |
f. 5
Crucifixion |
f. 5v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 26v
Moses and Israelites |
f. 44
Offering |
f. 56
Moses |
| |
f. 56
Moses |
f. 73
Moses |
f. 73
Moses |
| |
f. 88v
Decorated initial |
f. 88v
Joshua |
f. 99
Judah |
| |
f. 110
Ruth |
f. 110
Ruth |
f. 111v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 112v
Elkanah |
f. 112v
Elkanah |
f. 127v
Beheading of the Amalekite |
| |
f. 139v
David and Abishag |
f. 153v
Elijah and Ahaziah |
f. 167
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 167v
Descendants of Adam |
f. 179v
Salomon |
f. 179v
Salomon |
| |
f. 199
Nehemiah |
f. 205v
Judith |
f. 211
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 211v
Esther |
f. 215
Tobit |
f. 215
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 215
Tobit |
f. 215v
Text page |
f. 219v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 220
Job |
f. 220
Job |
f. 231v
Crucifixion with the cycle of Thomas of Canterbury |
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f. 232
David |
f. 232
David |
f. 236
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f. 238v
David |
f. 241
David and the Fool |
f. 241
Knight |
| |
f. 241
David and the Fool |
f. 243v
David |
f. 243v
David |
| |
f. 246v
David |
f. 246v
David |
f. 249
Singing clerics |
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f. 249
Singing clerics |
f. 249v
David |
f. 249v
David |
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f. 252
Trinity |
f. 252
Trinity |
f. 255
Decorated initial |
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f. 258v
Decorated initial |
f. 259
Solomon and Rehoboam |
f. 269
Solomon and a boy |
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f. 272
Virgin and Child |
f. 272
Virgin and Child |
f. 293
Solomon |
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f. 300v
Martyrdom of Isaiah |
f. 322v
Martyrdom of Jeremiah |
f. 348
Jeremiah |
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f. 350v
Baruch |
f. 352v
Jeremiah |
f. 353v
Ezekiel |
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f. 376v
Decorated initial |
f. 377
Daniel |
f. 386
Decorated initials |
| |
f. 386v
Hosea and Gomer |
f. 389v
Decorated initials |
f. 390
Joel |
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f. 391
Decorated initial |
f. 391v
Amos |
f. 393v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 394
Obadiah |
f. 394v
Jonah |
f. 395v
Micah |
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f. 397v
Nahum |
f. 398v
Decorated initial |
f. 399
Habbakuk |
| |
f. 400
Decorated initial |
f. 400v
Zephanaiah |
f. 401v
Haggai |
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f. 402v
Zecharaiah |
f. 406v
Malachi |
f. 407v
Beheading of the idolatrous Jew |
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f. 421v
Delivery of letter |
f. 431v
Jesse |
f. 445v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 454v
Decorated initial |
f. 455
Zacharias |
f. 470
John |
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f. 481
Decorated initial |
f. 481v
Paul |
f. 487
Paul |
| |
f. 492v
Paul |
f. 496
Paul |
f. 498
Paul |
| |
f. 499v
Paul |
f. 501
Paul |
f. 502v
Paul |
| |
f. 503v
Paul |
f. 504
Paul |
f. 504v
Paul |
| |
f. 506
Paul |
f. 507
Paul |
f. 507v
Paul |
| |
f. 508
Paul and Hebrew |
f. 512
Decorated initial |
f. 512v
Ascension |
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f. 527
James |
f. 528v
Peter |
f. 530
Peter |
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f. 531
John |
f. 532v
John |
f. 533
John and Jude |
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f. 533v
John |
f. 540v
Text page |
f. 541
Remy d'Auxerre |
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f. 541
Remy d'Auxerre |
f. 548v
Decorated initial |
f. 554v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 555v
Decorated initial |
f. 558
Decorated initial |
f. 559v
Hybrid |
| |
f. 561
Decorated initial |
f. 562v
Decorated initial |
f. 565v
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 566v
Decorated initial |
f. 569v
Decorated initial |
f. 571
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 572
Decorated initial |
f. 572v
Decorated initial |
f. 574
Decorated initial |
| |
f. 579v
Decorated initial |
f. 581
Decorated initial |
f. 581v
Decorated initial |
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