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Detailed record for Stowe 12
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| Part 1 |
ff. 1-354 |
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| Title |
Breviary, Use of Sarum with Norwich variants ('The Stowe Breviary') |
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| Origin |
England, E. (Norwich) |
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| Date |
between 1322 and 1325 |
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| Language |
Latin |
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| Script |
Gothic |
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| Artists |
Although connected with an East Anglian group centered around the Gorleston Psalter (Additional 49622), Sandler compares the artist to that of the Barlow Psalter (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Barlow 22) and of the Tiptoft Missal (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M.107). |
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| Decoration |
46 large historiated initials, with three-sided or partial foliate borders, in colours and gold (ff. 16v, 20v, 23v, 25v, 27v, 40, 87, 109, 121, 125v, 128, 130, 131, 136, 150v, 171v, 176v, 180, 184v, 190, 195, 200v, 225, 228, 232, 238v, 242v, 247, 250, 252, 257, 261v, 270, 274v, 276v, 279v, 285, 292, 297v, 305, 314v, 315v, 319v, 324, 329, 334v). Large decorated initials, many including human heads, with partial foliate borders, in colours and gold. Small initials in blue with red foliate pen-flourishing, some including human heads or grotesque figures. 1 marginal drawing of a grotesque figure, in brown ink (f. 68). |
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| Dimensions in mm |
290 x 185 (200 x 125) in two columns |
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| Part 2 |
ff. 358-395 |
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| Title |
Ordinale |
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| Origin |
England |
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| Date |
between c. 1350 and before 1383 |
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| Language |
Latin |
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| Script |
Gothic |
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| Decoration |
1 decorated initial including heraldic arms, with a full foliate border, in colours and gold (f. 358). 1 small initial in gold on a red and blue ground (f. 358). Large and small initials in blue with red foliate pen-flourishing. |
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| Dimensions in mm |
290 x 185 (200 x 125) in two columns |
| |
| Official foliation |
ff. 395 (+ 3 paper flyleaves at the beginning and 2 at the end) |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
Post-1600. Gold- and blind-tooled brown leather; gilt edges. |
| Provenance |
Perhaps made for a member of the secular clergy in the diocese of Norwich, between 1322 and 1325: the calendar includes Thomas de Cantilupe, 2 October (f. 162v), canonised in 1320, and a note of the beheading of Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, in March 1322 (f. 157). The last appointment of a bishop of Norwich mentioned is John Salmon (d. 1325) (f. 156v, line 14).
Inscription, after 1344: note of debt for £100 by Philip and Walter de Moundeville to William de Cusance, king's clerk and Lord Treasurer (f. 164).
Scope of Marsham, before 1383, as a rubric on f. 377v mentions the year 1383 as a future date: arms (f. 358).
The beginning of Psalms missing, incompletely replaced in a 17th-century hand (f. 164v).
Recipe for making ink in hand of Sir Roger Twysden (b. 1597, d. 1672), dated 28 December 1628 (f. 357v).
Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (b. 1776, d. 1839), 1st duke of Buckingham and Chandos, of Stowe House, near Buckingham: inscribed with the press-mark 'Press 3 no. 35' (f. ), corresponding to his catalogue (O'Conor 1818-1819).
Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (b. 1797, d. 1861), 2nd duke of Buckingham and Chandos; sold in 1849 to Lord Ashburnham.
Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1797, d. 1878), 4th earl of Ashburnham, of Ashburnham Place, Sussex.
Bertram Ashburnham (b. 1840, d. 1913), 5th earl of Ashburnham: purchased by the British Museum from him together with 1084 other Stowe manuscripts in 1883. |
| Notes |
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
Although connected with an East Anglian group centered around the Gorleston Psalter (Additional 49622), Sandler compares the artist to that of the Barlow Psalter (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Barlow 22) and of the Tiptoft Missal (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M.107). |
| Select bibliography |
Charles O'Conor, Bibliotheca Ms. Stowensis: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Stowe Library, 2 vols (Buckingham: Seeley, 1818-1819), II, pp. 46-50.
The Palaeographic Society: Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions, Second series, ed. by Edward Augustus Bond, Edward Maunde Thompson, and George Frederic Warner, (London: Cloves and Sons, 1884-1894), II, pl. 197.
Catalogue of the Stowe Manuscripts in the British Museum, 2 vols (London: British Museum, 1895-1896), I, no. 12.
George F. Warner, Illuminated Manuscripts in The British Museum, Series I-IV (London: British Museum, 1903), pl. 32.
Sydney C. Cockerell, The Gorleston Psalter, A Manuscript of the Beginning of the Fourteenth Century in the Library of C.W. Dyson Perrins (London: Chiswick Press, 1907), p. 3ff.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen, 1911), p. 227.
M. R. James, 'List of MSS from the Cathedral Priory of Norwich now existing in English Libraries,' Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society 19 (1915), p. 38.
Schools of Illumination: Reproductions from Manuscripts in the British Museum, 6 vols (London: British Museum, 1914-1930), III: English A.D. 1300 to 1350 (1921), pl. 5.
[J. A. Herbert], British Museum: Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts, Series 2, 3rd edn (London: British Museum, 1923), pl. 14.
[J. A. Herbert],Illuminataed Manuscripts and Bindings of Manuscripts Exhibited in The Grenville Library, Guide to the Exhibited Manuscripts, 3 (Oxford: British Museum, 1923), no. 27.
Eric. G. Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts of the XIVth and XVth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1928), p. 80.
Catalogue of an Exhibition Commemorating the Four Hundredth Anniversary of the Introduction of the Book of Common Prayer (London: British Museum, 1949), no. 6.
Joan Evans, English Art 1307-1461, Oxford History of English Art, 5 (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1949), p. 41 n. 2.
Lilian M. C. Randall, Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966). p. 37.
Peter Lasko and Nigel J. Morgan, Medieval Art in East Anglia 1300-1520 (Norwich: Jarrold & Sons, 1973), nos. 12, 20, 26.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, The Peterborough Psalter in Brussels and other Fenland Manuscripts (London: Harvey Miller, 1974), pp. 98-99.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, 'An Early Fourteenth-Century English Breviary at Longleat', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 39 (1976), 1-20 (pp. 4-5).
Andrew G. Watson, Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c. 700-1600 in The Department of Manuscripts: The British Library, 2 vols (London: British Library, 1979), I, no. 945 [with additional bibliography].
Lucy Freeman Sandler, 'An Early Fourteenth-Century English Psalter in the Escorial', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 42 (1979), 65-80 (pp. 76-78).
Lucy Freeman Sandler, Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 5, 2 vols. (Harvey Miller: London, 1986), no. 79.
Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400, ed. by Jonathan Alexander and Paul Binski (London:Royal Academy of Arts in association with Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987), nos. 360, 575.
M. A. Michael, 'Oxford, Cambridge and London: Towards a Theory for 'Grouping' Gothic Manuscripts,' The Burlington Magazine 130 (1988), 107-15 (p. 113).
M. A. Michael, 'Deconstruction, Reconstruction and Invention: The Hungerford Hours and English Manuscript Illumination of the Early Fourteenth Century,' English Manuscript Studies 2 (1990), 33-108, pp. 61ff., pls. 29, 32, 36, 45.
John B. Friedman, Northern English Books, Owners, and Makers in the Late Middle Ages (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995), pp. 118, 246.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 92.
Caroline S. Hull, 'Abbot John, Vicar Thomas and M. R. James: THE Early History of the Douai Psalter', in The Legacy of M. R. James, Papers from the 1995 Cambridge Symposium, ed. by Lynda Dennison (Shaun Tyas: Donington, 2001), pp. 118-27 (p. 122 n. 16).
Sherry L. Reames, 'The Office for St. Cecilia', in The Liturgy of the Church, ed. by Thomas J. Heffernan and E. Ann Matter (Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, 2001), 245-70 (pp. 265, 268).
Christina Dondi, The Liturgy of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem: A Study and a Catalogue of the Manuscript Sources, Bibliotheca Victorina, 16 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2004), pp. 18, 107.
Sherry Reames, 'Origins and Affiliations of the Pre-Sarum Office for Anne in the Stowe Breviary', in Music and Medieval Manuscripts: Paleography and Performance, Essays Dedicated to Andrew Hughes, ed. by John Haines and Randall Rosenfeld (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), 349-68.
Kay Brainerd Slocum, Liturgies in Honour of Thomas Becket (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), pl. on p. ii, pp. 14, 239, 262-90, ill. 6.
The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, ed. by Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2005), p. 188.
M. A. Michael, ‘Seeing-in: The Macclesfield Psalter’, in The Cambridge Illuminations: The Conference Papers, ed. by Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2007), pp. 115-28 (p. 117 n. 15).
Richard W. Pfaff, The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History (Cambridge: University Press, 2009), pp. 339, 423-24.
Kay Brainerd Slocum, Liturgies in Honour of Thomas Becket (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), pl. on p. ii, pp. 14, 239, 262-90, ill. 6.
Nigel Morgan, 'The Sanctorals of Early Sarum Missals and Breviaries' in The Study of Medieval Manuscripts of England: Festschrift in Honour of Richard W. Pfaff, ed. by George Hardin Brown and Linda Ehrsam Voigts (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010), pp. 143-61 (p. 157). |
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Part 1
ff. 1-354 |
| Breviary, Use of Sarum with Norwich variants ('The Stowe Breviary') |
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f. 12
Bust of a man |
f. 16v
Nativity |
f. 16v
Grotesque |
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f. 16v
Nativity |
f. 20v
Martyrdom of Stephen |
f. 20v
Martyrdom of Stephen |
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f. 20v
Martyrdom of Stephen |
f. 23v
John the Evangelist |
f. 23v
John the Evangelist |
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f. 23v
Detail |
f. 25v
Massacre of the Innocents |
f. 25v
Massacre of the Innocents |
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f. 25v
Detail |
f. 27v
Martyrdom of a bishop |
f. 27v
Martyrdom of a bishop |
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f. 32
Holy Face |
f. 32
Holy Face |
f. 40
Adoration of the Magi |
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f. 48v
Illuminated initials |
f. 49v
Christ |
f. 54v
Illuminated initial |
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f. 56
Inhabited initial |
f. 59
Inhabited initial |
f. 62v
Illuminated initial |
| |
f. 62v
Illuminated initial |
f. 62v
Illuminated initial |
f. 68
Marginal grotesque |
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f. 68
Marginal grotesque |
f. 68
Marginal grotesque |
f. 71
Illuminated initial |
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f. 71
Illuminated initial |
f. 76
Illuminated initial |
f. 87
Resurrection |
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f. 87
Resurrection |
f. 93v
Illuminated initial. |
f. 103
John the Evangelist |
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f. 103
John the Evangelist |
f. 103
John the Evangelist |
f. 109
Baptism |
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f. 109
Baptism |
f. 115
Bust of a man |
f. 115v
Illuminated initial |
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f. 116v
Bust of a king |
f. 116v
Bust of a king |
f. 118
Bust of a man |
| |
f. 119v
Bust of a man |
f. 120v
Bust of a bishop |
f. 121
Historiated initial |
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f. 125
Bust of a man |
f. 125v
Men disputing |
f. 127
Grotesque |
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f. 128
Angel |
f. 129v
Bust of a woman |
f. 130
Judith and Holofernes |
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f. 130
Judith and Holofernes |
f. 130
Judith and Holofernes |
f. 131
King and soldiers |
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f. 136
Christ |
f. 137
Tonsured man |
f. 138v
Illuminated initial |
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f. 150v
Dedication |
f. 150v
Dedication |
f. 150v
Dedication |
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f. 171v
David pointing to his eyes |
f. 176v
King David |
f. 176v
King David |
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f. 176v
King David |
f. 180
A king and a fool |
f. 180
A king and a fool |
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f. 184v
Jonah and the whale |
f. 184v
Jonah and the whale |
f. 190
King David playing the bells |
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f. 190
King David playing the bells |
f. 190
King David playing the bells |
f. 195
Three monks singing |
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f. 200v
Trinity |
f. 200v
Trinity |
f. 212
Inhabited initial |
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f. 225
Nicholas of Bari |
f. 225
Nicholas of Bari |
f. 225
Nicholas of Bari |
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f. 228
Detail |
f. 228
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f. 232
Detail |
| |
f. 233v
Detail |
f. 238v
Paul |
f. 241v
Detail |
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f. 242
Detail |
f. 242v
Presentation in the Temple |
f. 242v
Presentation in the Temple |
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f. 242v
Presentation in the Temple |
f. 245v
Illuminated initial |
f. 247v
Detail |
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f. 248v
Detail |
f. 249
Detail |
f. 250
Detail |
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f. 250v
Detail |
f. 251
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f. 252
Barnabas |
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f. 252
Barnabas |
f. 252
Christ |
f. 253v
Bust of a bishop |
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f. 254v
Bust of a man |
f. 255
Feasts of Martyrs |
f. 255
Feasts of Martyrs |
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f. 255
Feasts of Martyrs |
f. 255
Feasts of Martyrs |
f. 256
A man and a child |
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f. 256v
Bust of a woman |
f. 257
John the Baptist |
f. 261
Crowned man |
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f. 261v
Peter and Paul |
f. 264v
Bearded saint |
f. 266v
Agnus Dei |
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f. 267v
Bust of a bishop |
f. 273
Feast of Swithun |
f. 273
Feast of Swithun |
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f. 284
Bust of a bishop |
f. 285
Germanus and Peter in chains |
f. 285
Germanus |
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f. 285
Peter in chains |
f. 287v
Bust of a man |
f. 292
Lawrence |
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f. 292
Lawrence |
f. 297v
Exaltation of the Cross |
f. 297v
Exaltation of the Cross |
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f. 305
Michael the Archangel |
f. 305
Michael the Archangel |
f. 319v
Historiated initial |
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f. 324
Martin |
f. 327
Bust of a bishop |
f. 329
Bishop |
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f. 332
Bust of a woman |
f. 334v
Catherine |
f. 337
Bust of a bishop |
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f. 338
Bust of a man |
f. 346v
Bust of a man |
f. 347
Illuminated initial |
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f. 348
Illuminated initial |
f. 352
Illuminated initial |
f. 358
Arms |
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f. 388v
Text page |
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