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Detailed record for Harley 3244
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| Author |
Peraldus |
| Title |
Theological miscellany, including the Summa de vitiis (see Notes for contents) |
| Origin |
England |
| Date |
1236 to c. 1250 |
| Language |
Latin |
| Script |
Gothic, written below top line |
| Decoration |
Full-page miniatures in colours (ff. 27, 27v, 28, 28v). Smaller miniatures on every page illustrating the bestiary (ff. 36-67v). Large initials in blue with red penwork decoration. Small initials in brown or red. Rubrics in red. Paraphs in blue or red, some with penwork decoration. Decorated nota marks, some with a face or animal head (ff. 108v, 118v). Guide letters for rubricator. |
| Dimensions in mm |
280 x 165 (200 x 105/110) in one or two columns |
| Official foliation |
ff. 192 ( + 4 unfoliated modern paper flyleaves at the beginning and 3 at the end) |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
Post-1600. Green leather with gold tooling; gilt edges; marbled endpapers. |
| Provenance |
The image of an anonymous Dominican friar implies Dominican patronage (f. 27).
Contents note in 16th-century Gothic cursive script (f. 1v).
Richard Edwards: 17th-century inscription 'Rich Edwards' (f. 1).
The Harley Collection, formed by Robert Harley (b. 1661, d. 1724), 1st earl of Oxford and Mortimer, politician, and Edward Harley (b. 1689, d. 1741), 2nd earl of Oxford and Mortimer, book collector and patron of the arts.
Edward Harley bequeathed the library to his widow, Henrietta Cavendish, née Holles (b. 1694, d. 1755) during her lifetime and thereafter to their daughter, Margaret Cavendish Bentinck (b. 1715, d.1785), duchess of Portland; the manuscripts were sold by the Countess and the Duchess in 1753 to the nation for £10,000 (a fraction of their contemporary value) under the Act of Parliament that also established the British Museum; the Harley manuscripts form one of the foundation collections of the British Library. |
| Notes |
Full digital coverage available for this manuscript: see Digitised Manuscripts at http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts.
F. 192 is a parchment leaf with a 18th-century ? Inscription.
Contents:
Honorius Augustodunensis, Elucidarium (ff. 2-18v);
Bestiary (ff. 36-71v);
De confessione (f. 26);
Alain de Lille, Liber Penitentialis (ff. 19-26v);
Bernard of Clairvaux, various sermons (ff. 26r-v);
William Peraldus, Summa de vitiis (ff. 27-29);
Alain de Lille (?), De sex alis cherubim (ff. 29-35v) (this text is elsewhere attributed to Clement of Llanthony);
Exempla (ff. 72-86);
William Peraldus, Summa de vitiis, imperfect (ff. 87-121);
Pseudo-Bernard, Meditationes Plissimae de cognitione humanae conditionis (ff. 121-128);
Expositiones nominum Bibliotece (ff. 129-138);
Robert Grosseteste, Templum Domini (ff. 138-145);
William de Montibus, Numerale (ff. 146-185);
Richard of Wethringsett, Summa de doctrina sacerdotali (ff. 146-185);
Bernard, Misericordia est circa viciosos (f. 185v);
De bona conscientia (ff. 185v-186);
Richard of Thetford, Ars dilatandi sermones (ff. 186-190).
The text on the vices by Gulielmus Peraldus was written c. 1236. This manuscript includes the unique illustration of Peraldus's text. |
| Select bibliography |
A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum, 4 vols (London: Eyre and Strahan, 1808-12), III (1808), no. 3244.
A Selection of Latin Stories from manuscripts of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; a contribution to the history of fiction during the Middle Ages, ed. by Thomas Wright (London: Percy Society, 1842), VIII, p. 112 (for transcription of some texts).
Walter de Gray Birch and Henry Jenner, Early Drawings and Illuminations: An Introduction to the Study of Illustrated Manuscripts (London: Bagster and Sons, 1879), p. 6.
H. L. D. Ward and J. A. Herbert, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, 3 vols (London: British Museum, 1883-1910), III, J. A. Herbert, pp. 457-63.
M. R. James, The Bestiary: Being a Reproduction in full of the Manuscript Ii.4.26 in the University Library, Cambridge (Oxford: Roxburghe Club, 1928), p. 17, no. 22.
C. H. Talbot, ‘A List of Cistercian Manuscripts in Great Britain’, Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Thought and Religion, 8 (1952), 402-18 (p. 405).
Michael Evans, 'An Illustrated Fragment of Peraldus's Summa of Vice: Harleian MS 3244' Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 45 (1982), 32-55.
Nigel Morgan, Early Gothic Manuscripts, 2 vols, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 4 (London Harvey Miller, 1982-1988), I: 1190-1250, no. 80, figs 26-27.
The Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagent England 1200-1400, ed. by Jonathan Alexander and Paul Binski (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1987), no. 150 [exhibition catalogue].
Two East Anglian Pictur Books : A Facsimile of the Helmingham Herbal and Bestiary and Bodleian Ms. Ashmole 1504, ed. by Nicholas Barker (London: The Roxburghe Club, 1988), p. 5.
Kathleen Scott, ‘Caveat Lector: Ownership and Standardization in the Illustration of Fifteenth-Century English Manuscripts’, in English Manuscript Studies, 1, ed. by Peter Beal and Jeremy Griffiths (London: British Library, 1989), 19-63 (p. 60 n. 57).
Anne Payne, Medieval Beasts (London: British Library, 1990), p. 15.
Dora Faraci, Il bestiario medio inglese (Ms Arundel 292 della British Library) (Rome: Japadre, 1990), p. 258, pl. 5.
Debra Hassig, Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 3, 9, 11-12, 55-56, 88-91, 149, figs 89, 140.
Kathleen L. Scott, Later Gothic Manuscripts 1390-1490, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 6, 2 vols (London: Harvey Miller, 1996), II, 195, 353.
Ron Baxter, Bestiaries and Their Users in the Middle Ages (Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1998), pp. 141, 147, 156, 189-190.
The Apocalypse and the Shape of Things to Come, ed. by Frances Carey (London: British Museum, 1999), no. 8 [exhibition catalogue].
Susanne Rischpler, Biblia Sacra figuris expressa: Mnemotechnische Bilderbibeln des 15. Jahrhunderts, Wissensliteratur im Mittelalter, 36, ed. by Horst Brunner and others (Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2001), p. 45 n. 16.
Alixe Bovey, Monsters and Grotesques in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002), p. 23, pl. 18.
Paul Binski, Becket’s Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pl. 147.
Elizabeth Morrison, Beasts: Factual & Fantastic (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007), p. 92.
The Medieval Bestiary: Animals in the Middle Ages, ed. by David Badke, [http://bestiary.ca/manuscripts/manulocshelf.htm] [accessed 14 August 2009].
Mary J. Carruthers, 'Ars oblivionalis, ars inveniendi: The Cherub Figure and the Arts of Memory', Gesta (2009), 1-19, pp. 10, 13, 14, 19 ns 59-63.
Aden Kumler, Translating Truth: Ambitious Images and Religious Knowledge in Late Medieval France and England(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011), pp. 81-82, figs 15, 16.
Book of Beasts: The Bestiary in the Medieval World, ed. by Elizabeth Morrison (Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019), no. 13. |
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f. 13
Text page |
f. 27
Christ blessing |
ff. 27v-28
Vices and Virtues |
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f. 27v
Vices |
ff. 27v-28
Miniatures |
f. 28
Virtues |
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f. 28
Shield |
f. 28v
The Cherub |
f. 28v
The Cherub |
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f. 36
Lion |
f. 36v
Miniature |
f. 37
Pard and Panther |
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f. 37
Pard |
f. 37
Panther emerging from a cave |
f. 38
Antelopes; unicorn |
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f. 38
Maiden and unicorn |
f. 38v
Griffin |
f. 38v
Griffin |
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f. 39
Men mounted on an elephant |
f. 39
Men mounted on an elephant |
f. 39v
Elephant and dragon |
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f. 40
Beaver |
f. 40v
Hyena |
f. 40v
Hyena |
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f. 41
Lion |
f. 41v
Satyrs |
f. 41v
Satyrs |
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f. 41v
Stag with a serpent |
f. 42
Miniature |
f. 43
Serpent |
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f. 43v
Manticore |
f. 44
Wolf |
f. 44v
Dogs |
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f. 45
Dogs |
f. 45
Dogs |
f. 45v
Dogs |
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f. 46
Adam |
f. 46v
Animals |
f. 47
Pig, ox, and bull |
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f. 47v
Camel |
f. 48
Dromedary |
f. 48
Dromedary |
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f. 48
Donkey |
f. 48v
Animals |
f. 49v
Animals |
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f. 49v
Cat and mouse |
f. 49v
Hedgehog |
f. 50
Ants |
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f. 50v
Birds |
f. 51
Vulture |
f. 51v
Birds |
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f. 52
Caladrius bird |
f. 52
Caladrius bird |
f. 52
Black bird |
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f. 52
Swan |
f. 52v
Bird |
f. 53
Birds |
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f. 53v
Peacock |
f. 53v
Peacocks |
f. 54
Birds |
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f. 54v
Pelican |
f. 54v
Birds |
f. 55
Siren |
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f. 55v
Birds |
f. 56
Birds |
f. 56v
Birds |
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f. 57
Birds |
f. 57
Peacock |
f. 57
Rooster |
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f. 57v
Duck |
ff. 58v-59
Bees |
ff. 58v-59
Animals |
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f. 58v
Bees |
f. 59
Dragon |
f. 59v
Dragon |
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f. 60v
Whale |
f. 60v
Whale |
f. 61
Whale |
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f. 61v
Asp |
f. 61v
Dragon |
f. 61v
Asp |
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f. 62
Miniature |
f. 62
Amphisbaena |
f. 62v
Snakes |
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f. 63
Salamander |
f. 63v
Serpent |
f. 64
Insects |
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f. 64v
Scorpions |
f. 65
Whales |
f. 65v
Dolphins |
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f. 66
Fish |
f. 66v
Animals |
f. 67
Frogs |
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f. 67v
Shells; crab |
f. 92
Goats |
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