Summary of a review which seeks to deliver on the Government commitment to investigate the effectiveness, cost and benefit of advocacy support for disabled people, in situations where they are at particular risk of losing choice and control, by systematically identifying, evaluating and synthesising the evidence relating to the need, benefits and costs associated with independent advocacy for disabled people. The report examines the four situations specified by the Independent Living Strategy, namely: during transition to adulthood; when the children of disabled parents are subject to safeguarding procedures; when entry to residential care is a possibility; and when disabled people are victims or alleged perpetrators of anti-social behaviour. The findings of the study suggest that more information is needed about the numbers of people who may benefit from independent advocacy at risk of losing choice and control in these situations, what services exist to meet this need and, where such services are available, the levels of unmet need.