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Detailed record for Royal 20 C VII
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| ff. 1-216v |
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| Title |
Chroniques de France ou de St Denis (from 1270 to 1380) |
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| ff. 2, 2v, 4v, 5v, 6, 7, 8, 8v |
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| Title |
Chroniques de France ou de St Denis (from 1270 to 1380) |
| |
| Origin |
France, Central (Paris) |
| Date |
Last quarter of the 14th century, after 1380 |
| Language |
French |
| Script |
Gothic |
| Artists |
Virgil Master and his atelier |
| Decoration |
266 two or one-column miniatures planned, some drawn but unpainted (quires xi-xv), some repainted later (see part 2), and some miniature-spaces left blank (quires xvi-xvii, xx-xxiii), at the beginning of chapters. Foliate initials in colours and gold with marginal extensions of vine branches, at the beginning of chapters. Initials and paraphs in blue with red pen-flourishing, or in blue with red pen-flourishing, throughout the text. Initials and paraphs in gold on blue and rose grounds with penwork decoration in white, at the beginning of entries in the lists of rubrics. Line-fillers in blue, rose and gold with penwork decoration in white. |
| Dimensions in mm |
385 x 280 (250 x 180) |
| Official foliation |
ff. 216 (+ 2 unfoliated modern paper flyleaves at the beginning and at the end, and 2 unfoliated medieval parchment flyleaves at the beginning and at the end; 1 blank leaf after 106) |
| Collation |
i-viii8 (ff. 1-64), ix7 (ff. 65-71), x-xiii (ff. 72-103), xiv4 (ff. 104-106bis), xv-xvii (ff. 107-210), xxviii7 (ff. 211-216bis). |
| Form |
Parchment codex |
| Binding |
Post-1600. Royal library binding of brown leather with the royal arms and a date of 1757. Gilt edges. |
| Provenance |
Edward [Edward of Langley, Edward of York], earl of Rutland and 2nd duke of York (b. c.1373, d. 1415), perhaps to be identified with the Chroniques de France acquired by him from Renaut (or Regnault) du Montet, Parisian bookseller, who described his journey to England in 1399, to collect a sum of 60 écus due to him for this book (see Rouse 2000).
Richard III (b. 1452, d.1485), king of England and lord of Ireland, heir of Richard (b. 1411, d. 1460), 3rd duke of York, nephew of Edward, earl of Rutland, acquired by him while he was duke of Gloucester, before his accession to the throne in 1483: inscribed, 'Richard Gloucestre' (f. 134).
The Old Royal Library (the English Royal Library): included in the list of books at Richmond Palace of 1535, no. 102; and in the catalogue of 1666, Royal Appendix 71, f. 14v.
Presented to the British Museum by George II in 1757 as part of the Old Royal Library. |
| Notes |
Includes the series of nine miniatures illustrating the visit of the Emperor Charles IV to the King of France, Charles V, which occur in only two other copies of the Grandes Chroniques: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, fr. 2813, Charles V's personal copy, and Bibliothèque nationale, fr. 6465, probably made for Charles VII.
According to Hedeman 1991, illuminated by 5 artists: I: later repaintings (ff. 2, 2v, 4v, 5v, 6, 7, 8, 8v), II: the Virgil Master (quires i, iv), and three followers of the Virgil Master: III (quires ii, vi, xvii, xviii, xix); IV (quires iii, ix, x, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii); and V (quires iv, v, vii, viii).
One of thirteen known surviving books signed by Richard III: see Sutton and Visser-Fuchs 1997 p. 1.
Catchwords and bifolium signatures. |
| Select bibliography |
H. Omont, 'Les manuscrits français des rois d'Angleterre au château de Richmond', in Etudes romanes dédiés à Gaston Paris (Paris: É. Bouillon, 1891), pp. 1-13 (p. 11).
George F. Warner and Julius P. Gilson, Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King’s Collections, 4 vols (London: British Museum, 1921), II, pp. 372-74.
Pamela Wynn Reeves, 'The Guildhall Chronicles of the Kings of France', The Guildhall Miscellany, 2 (1953), 3-15 (p. 12).
J. J. G. Alexander, 'Painting and Manuscript Illumination for Royal Patrons in the Later Middle Ages', in English Court Culture in the Later Middle Ages, ed. by V. J. Scattergood and J. W. Sherborne (London: Duckworth, 1983), pp. 141-62 (p. 153).
Anne Dawson Hedeman, 'Valois Legitimacy: Editorial Changes in Charles V's Grandes Chroniques de France', The Art Bulletin, 66 (1984) 97-117 (p. 100, n. 15).
Jean Fouquet: Die Bilder der Grandes Chroniques de France, ed. by François Avril, Marie-Thérèse Gousset, and Bernard Guenée (Graz: Akademishe Druck, 1987), pp. 18 110.
Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, 'Richard III’s Books: IX. The Grandes Chroniques de France', The Ricardian: Journal of the Richard III Society, 8 (1990), 494-514.
Lynda Dennison, 'Illumination of Royal 20 C VII: Stylistic and Codicological Analysis', in Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, 'Richard III’s Books: IX. The Grandes Chroniques de France', The Ricardian: Journal of the Richard III Society, 8 (1990), 494-514 (pp. 503-08).
Anne D. Hedeman, The Royal Image: Illustrations of the Grandes chroniques de France 1274-1422 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 221-26.
Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, Richard III’s Books: Ideal and Reality in the Life and Library of a Medieval Prince (Stroud: Sutton, 1997), pp. 166, 289-90, fig. 56 [with additional bibliography].
Richard H. Rouse and Mary A. Rouse, Manuscripts and Their Makers: Commercial Book Producers in Medieval Paris 1200-1500, 2 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2000), I, pp. 287-88; II, pp.124.
The Libraries of King Henry VIII, ed. by J. P. Carley, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues, 7 (London: The British Library, 2000), H1.92, p. xxiv.
Christopher de Hamel, The British Library Guide to Manuscript Illumination: History and Techniques (London: British Library, 2001), pl. 75.
James P. Carley, The Books of King Henry VIII and His Wives, preface by David Starkey (London: British Library, 2004), pl. 34.
Paris 1400: Les arts sous Charles VI (Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2004), p. 202, fig. 53 [exhibition catalogue].
Sophie Page, Magic in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2004), pp. 14, 16, 59-60, pl. 14, 54.
Mary and Richard Rouse, ‘A Cat Can Look at a King: An Illustrated Episode in the Grandes Chroniques’, in Tributes to Jonathan J. G. Alexander: The Making and Meaning of Illuminated Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts, Art & Architecture, ed. by Susan L'Engle and Gerald B. Guest (London: Harvey Miller, 2006), pp. 429-41 (pp. 431-34, fig. 1).
Margaret Scott, Medieval Dress & Fashion (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 76.
Joe Flatman, Ships and Shipping in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2009), pls 106, 107.
Annette Hoffmann, 'The Great Feast: Courtiers and Crusaders in Charles V's Grandes Chroniques de France', in Medieval Charm: Illuminated Mauscripts for Royal, Aristocratic and Ecclesiastical Patronage, ed. by Florence Brazes-Moly and Francesca Marini (Pollestres: TDO Editions, 2016), pp. 40-63 (pp. 42-43).. |
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ff. 1-216v |
| Chroniques de France ou de St Denis (from 1270 to 1380) |
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f. 1
Death of Louis |
f. 1v
Charles of Anjou |
f. 6
Philip |
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f. 6
Philip |
f. 8
Coronation ceremonies |
f. 8v
Louis' death-bed |
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f. 11
Death of Ferdinand of Castile |
f. 11
Death of Ferdinand of Castile |
f. 12
Abbot of Saint Denis |
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f. 14v
Comte d'Artois |
f. 15
Execution of Pierre de la Brosse |
f. 15
Execution of Pierre de la Brosse |
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f. 15
Execution of Pierre de la Brosse |
f. 19
French destroying Genoa |
f. 20v
Peter III of Aragon |
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f. 21v
Death-bed of Philip |
f. 21v
Death-bed of Philip |
f. 22v
Edward I |
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f. 23v
Charles of Salerno |
f. 24
Christians of Acre |
f. 24v
Siege of Acre |
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f. 25v
English landing in Normandy |
f. 26v
English at sea |
f. 27v
Siege of Rions |
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f. 27v
Siege of Rions |
f. 28
John, king of Scotland |
f. 28v
Capture of John de St John |
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f. 29v
Comte de Bar |
f. 29v
French besieging |
f. 30
Robert d'Artois |
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f. 30
Robert d'Artois |
f. 32
Jews of Magdeburg |
f. 33v
Fighting at Bruges |
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f. 34
Battle of Courtrai |
f. 36v
Council of barons and clergy |
f. 37
Death-bed of Boniface |
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f. 40v
Funeral of Jeanne |
f. 41v
Rioters pillaging a house in Paris |
f. 42v
Arrest of the Templars |
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f. 42v
Arrest of the Templars |
f. 43
Henry of Luxembourg |
f. 44v
Templars being burnt at the stake |
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f. 47
Cardinal preaching |
f. 48
Burning of the Grand Master |
f. 49
Funeral procession of Philippe le Bel |
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f. 51
Enguerrand de Marigny hanged |
f. 55v
Third Crusade of Pastoureaux |
f. 56v
Burning of lepers |
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f. 60
Jourdain de L'Isle |
f. 60v
Crossroads |
f. 62
King of Bohemia |
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f. 62
King of Bohemia |
f. 68
Nobles discussing succession |
f. 68
Death-bed of Charles IV |
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f. 72v
Edward III |
f. 75
Demoiselle of Divion |
f. 78v
Illness of the Duke of Normandy |
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f. 88v
Unfinished miniature |
f. 89v
Duke of Brittany's deathbed |
f. 93v
Execution of Olivier de Clisson |
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f. 94
Execution of forgers |
f. 95
John of Normandy |
f. 100v
French army besieging Aiguilon |
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f. 102
English army |
f. 102v
Execution |
f. 104
Siege of La Roche Derrien |
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f. 108
Meeting of Henry of Lancaster and Otto of Brunswick |
f. 112v
Execution of the count of Harcourt |
f. 131
Regent |
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f. 132
Parisians removing arms |
f. 133
Outbreak of Jacquerie |
f. 134
Siege of Meaux |
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f. 134
Siege of Meaux |
f. 134v
Execution of the Jacquerie |
f. 134v
King of Navarre |
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f. 135v
Regent blockading Paris |
f. 135v
Regent blockading Paris |
f. 135v
Regent and king of Navarre |
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f. 136
A battle renewed |
f. 136v
Passage of the Seine |
f. 137v
Battle on the bridge over the Seine |
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f. 138v
English prisoners |
f. 139v
Execution |
f. 140
Execution of traitors |
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f. 140v
Battle before a castle in Picardy |
f. 140v
Chancellor of Navarre |
f. 144v
Regent holding a council |
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f. 172
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f. 182
Marriage of Philip |
f. 186
The English army |
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f. 187
Duke of Anjou |
f. 188v
Cardinal legates |
f. 188v
Cardinal legates |
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f. 188v
Cardinal of Beauvais |
f. 189
Burning of books |
f. 189
Birth of Louis, and burning of books |
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f. 189v
Sea fight off of La Rochelle |
f. 190v
Baptism of Isabella |
f. 192
Charles |
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f. 192v
Coronation of Richard II |
f. 194
Town surrendering to Anjou |
f. 196v
King, Dukes and Emperor |
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f. 197
Emperor and his son |
f. 197v
Magistrates of Paris |
f. 198v
Procession of the Emperor and king |
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f. 198v
Procession of the Emperor and king |
f. 200
Funeral procession |
f. 203v
Execution |
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f. 208v
Coronation of Pope Clement VII |
f. 210v
King addressing barons |
f. 212
Killing of the bailiff |
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f. 212v
Revolt at Montpellier |
f. 213
Duke of Anjou |
f. 214v
English at sea |
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f. 215
Death of Charles V |
f. 216
Coronation of Charles VI |
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